Neural Correlates of Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome: An fMRI Study on Repetitive Negative Thinking Induction and Resting State Functional Connectivity

Kowalski, Joachim; Wypych, Marek; Marchewka, Artur; Dragan, Małgorzata

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00648

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…The participants who scored above the 66th percentile in all four questionnaires were considered as having a high tendency to ruminate and those who scored below 33rd percentile as having a low tendency to ruminate. The rationale for and detailed description of this procedure are provided in previous works (Dragan & Kowalski, 2020 ; Kowalski et al, 2019 ; Kowalski & Dragan, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piguet et al ( 2014 ) showed that people not prone to rumination have greater activation of the visual cortex during rest and activation of the insula when performing an easy task, whereas those prone to ruminate activate the left entorhinal region in both conditions. Kowalski, Wypych, Marchewka, and Dragan ( 2019 ) compared participants with high and low intensities of symptoms of cognitive-attentional syndrome, the core aspect of which is rumination. They found differences in functional connectivity during an induced negative thinking task and resting state fMRI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural functional connectivity during rumination in individuals with adverse childhood experiences

Sokołowski

Kowalski

Dragan

2022

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background Childhood adversity has been associated with greater risk of developing psychopathology, altered processing of emotional stimuli, and changes in neural functioning. Although the neural correlates of rumination have been previously described, little is known about how adverse childhood experiences are related to brain functioning during rumination. Objective This study explored differences in neural functional connectivity between participants with and without histories of childhood adversity, controlling for tendency to ruminate, during resting-state and induction of rumination. Method A total of 86 adults (51 women) took part. Based on a diagnostic clinical interview, participants were divided into groups with and without adverse childhood experiences. All participants underwent resting-state imaging and a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan where they performed a rumination induction task. Results Individuals with childhood adversities differed from those without adverse experiences in seed-based functional connectivity from right angular gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus during the rumination task. There were also group differences during resting-state in seed-based functional connectivity from the right angular gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus. Conclusions Childhood adversity is associated with altered brain functioning during rumination and resting-state, even after controlling for tendency to ruminate. Our results shed light on the consequences of early adversity. People who experienced childhood adversities differ from those with no adverse experiences in brain functional connectivity when engaged in negative repetitive self-referential thinking.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural functional connectivity during rumination in individuals with adverse childhood experiences

Sokołowski

Kowalski

Dragan

2022

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…The last symptom is associated with the recurrent activation of the cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS) (2), which is one of the primary constructs in the metacognitive theory of emotional disorders. The syndrome encompasses a set of psychological processes such as recurrent negative thoughts (concern and rumination), threat-focused attention, and cognitive-behavioral strategies (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to many studies, CAS is a significant factor in developing mood disorders, including depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (4,5). Cognitiveattentional syndrome makes individuals suffer from distorted and biased thoughts, which are out of control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome in Patients with Depression

Amiri

Ehteshamzadeh

Hafezi

et al. 2021

Middle East J Rehabil Health Stud

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Background: Cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS) is one of the primary constructs of depression, the treatment of which is highly challenging because of its high prevalence and the emergence of symptoms such as feelings of sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral activation (BA) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in CAS in patients with depression. Methods: This quasi-experimental research utilized a pretest, posttest, and two-month follow-up design with a control group. The study population comprised 260 patients with a diagnosis of depression who referred to the psychological centers of Ahvaz in 2019. The sample consisted of 45 patients with depression selected by convenience sampling. We randomly divided the participants into two experimental groups (BA and ACT) and a control group (n = 15 per group). The research instrument included the cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS-1) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 with descriptive and inferential statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: In terms of CAS and its components, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the posttest and follow-up phases (P = 0.0001). Besides, ACT and BA significantly reduced CAS and its components in the posttest phase (P = 0.0001). However, the effectiveness of BA in decreasing CAS and its components remained during the follow-up phase. Furthermore, the results showed that ACT was more effective in reducing attention to threat and metacognitive beliefs during the posttest phase. Conclusions: According to research findings, both BA and ACT are efficient therapies in reducing CAS in patients with depression. Thus, both approaches can be used to strengthen treatment interventions to reduce CAS in patients with depression.

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“…The items of the CAS-1 have been summed for use as a total score in subsequent studies (e.g., Kowalski et al, 2019). Additionally, three subscales have been used in previous research based on the rationally derived domains of CAS self-regulatory strategies, positive metacognitive beliefs, and negative metacognitive beliefs (e.g., Fergus & Scullin, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of the Multidimensional Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale (MCASS).

Conboy¹,

Fergus²,

Bardeen³

2021

Psychological Assessment

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The cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS), a multidimensional construct that consists of maladaptive forms of self-regulation, is central to the metacognitive model. Despite the CAS's central importance to the metacognitive model, as well as evidence that components of the CAS are risk factors for the development of emotional disorders, a psychometrically sound self-report measure that accounts for the multidimensional nature of the CAS has yet to be developed. The present set of studies details the development and initial validation of the Multidimensional Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale (MCASS). In study 1, a pool of 69 items, assessing the seven self-regulation strategies of the CAS, was administered to U.S. adults recruited through a crowd-sourcing website (N = 323). Structural analyses supported the proposed 7-factor solution and three items with the highest loadings on each factor, without salient cross-loadings, were retained. In Study 2, adult participants (N = 389) completed a battery of self-report measures, including the retained 21 MCASS items. The reduced item pool was examined using both firstand second-order measurement models. The 7-factor first-order measurement model and the second-order measurement model, with each of the first-order factors loading on a higher-order construct (i.e., CAS), provided adequate model fit. Each of the seven, first-order factors exhibited significant loadings on the second-order construct. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity analyses further supported the construct validity of the MCASS scale scores. The MCASS may be particularly useful for examining the theoretical underpinnings of the metacognitive model, as well as for more comprehensive clinical monitoring of the CAS. Public Significance StatementWe developed the first comprehensive multidimensional self-report measure of the cognitive attentional syndrome (i.e., Multidimensional Cognitive Attentional Syndrome [MCASS]), a construct that evidence suggests is involved in the development of a wide variety of emotional disorders. The MCASS may be particularly useful for better understanding the etiology of emotional disorders and may result in increased use of clinical interventions that are tailored to the specific needs of each patient.

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Neural Correlates of Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome: An fMRI Study on Repetitive Negative Thinking Induction and Resting State Functional Connectivity

Cited by 20 publications

References 95 publications

Neural functional connectivity during rumination in individuals with adverse childhood experiences

Neural functional connectivity during rumination in individuals with adverse childhood experiences

Comparing the Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome in Patients with Depression

Development and validation of the Multidimensional Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale (MCASS).

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