Neural correlates of PTSD in women with childhood sexual abuse with and without PTSD and response to paroxetine treatment: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Bremner, J. Douglas; Ortega, Rebeca Alvarado; Campanella, Carolina; Nye, Jonathon A.; Davis, Lori L.; Fani, Negar; Vaccarino, Viola

doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100615

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Exposure to abuse, especially sexual abuse, was associated with lower systolic BP and HR reactivity [16] leading to the suggestion that blunted cardiovascular reactivity is representative of dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis. Blunted HPA axis response has been observed in female survivors of childhood abuse [17] and parallels recent work showing decreased functioning in the thalamus on fMRI among survivors of childhood sexual abuse [18]. Some epidemiological evidence has suggested early life psychosocial adversity is unrelated to CVD risk factors in adulthood, however, such research included parental death and neglect as psychosocial risk factors in addition to sexual abuse [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Heart failure admission characteristics in women with a history of sexual or physical abuse: a case-control study

Chan,

Cosh,

Horowitz

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction: An emerging body of epidemiological evidence links a history of exposure to sexual and physical abuse or assault with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Understanding adverse physical health outcomes including heart failure (HF) in persons exposed to sexual and physical abuse is of particular importance to help improve multidisciplinary approaches to mental and physical wellbeing, including cardiovascular management, among vulnerable populations. Methods: This case-control study was performed at a tertiary hospital in metropolitan South Australia. At index HF admission 12 consecutive female patients with exposure to sexual and physical abuse or assault were identified from the trauma module of a structured psychiatric interview. Index admission data were classified into HF phenotype and aetiology using the criteria and definitions of the European Society of Cardiology. The presentation profile at index HF admission was compared to 12 gender and age-matched comparators. Results: The clinical characteristics at index admission showed that most patients presented with pulmonary rales, peripheral oedema, and pulmonary congestion (67-75%), with diuretics the most common intervention (75%). By comparison to the non-exposed group, we observed differences between groups in HF severity determined by New York Heart Association class, diastolic blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) but not systolic BP, saturation of peripheral oxygen (Sp02) or HF phenotypes. There were no differences in troponin, creatinine, sodium, admission use of inotropes, vasodilators or diuretics, post-traumatic stress disorder or comorbidities between the exposed patients and age-matched female controls. Conclusion: Women with a history of experiencing sexual and physical abuse or assault presented with a unique HF admission profile characterised by lower BP and HR. The findings support previous work suggesting that persons experiencing sexual and physical abuse or assault have blunted cardiovascular reactivity to stressors such as hospital admission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Heart failure admission characteristics in women with a history of sexual or physical abuse: a case-control study

Chan,

Cosh,

Horowitz

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Effects of ayahuasca on fear and anxiety: cross-talk between 5HT1A and 5HT2A receptors

Lopes Guerra,

dos Santos,

Cecilio Hallak

2024

Psychedelics

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Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic substance currently being investigated for the treatment of mood, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders. Evidence from animal and human studies suggest that the effects of ayahuasca involve modulation of neural substrates relevant for emotional processing, especially in regions rich in serotonergic receptors. Moreover, preclinical studies also show that ayahuasca has specific effects on fear-related memories. The serotonergic system has been classically associated to anxiety and fear responses, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors being first-class medication to treat mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. Here we review currently available data regarding ayahuasca (and its main components) behavioral and functional effects on anxiety and fear-related responses through its modulation of serotoninergic signaling.

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Neural correlates of PTSD in women with childhood sexual abuse with and without PTSD and response to paroxetine treatment: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Cited by 2 publications

References 229 publications

Heart failure admission characteristics in women with a history of sexual or physical abuse: a case-control study

Heart failure admission characteristics in women with a history of sexual or physical abuse: a case-control study

Effects of ayahuasca on fear and anxiety: cross-talk between 5HT1A and 5HT2A receptors

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