Neural correlates of stimulus spatial frequency-dependent contrast detection

Meng, Jianjun; Liu, Ruilong; Wang, Ke; Ting, Hua; Lü, Zhong-Lin; Xi, Minmin

doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3378-z

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This assumption is supported by several lines of evidence. One is that, using single-unit microelectrode recording in cat V1, the psychophysical CS function (CSF) was highly correlated with the neuronal CSF (Meng et al, 2013 ). Another is that the fMRI BOLD response in humans covaries with contrast enhancement (Boynton, Demb, Glover, & Heeger, 1999 ) and SF frequency (Goodyear et al, 2000 ), with the relationship being especially tightly coupled for low-SF stimuli (Olman, Ronen, Ugurbil, & Kim, 2003 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling of Contrast Sensitivity and Orientation Tuning in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia

Silverstein

Demmin

Bednar

2017

Computational Psychiatry

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Computational modeling is a useful method for generating hypotheses about the contributions of impaired neurobiological mechanisms, and their interactions, to psychopathology. Modeling is being increasingly used to further our understanding of schizophrenia, but to date, it has not been applied to questions regarding the common perceptual disturbances in the disorder. In this article, we model aspects of low-level visual processing and demonstrate how this can lead to testable hypotheses about both the nature of visual abnormalities in schizophrenia and the relationships between the mechanisms underlying these disturbances and psychotic symptoms. Using a model that incorporates retinal, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and V1 activity, as well as gain control in the LGN, homeostatic adaptation in V1, lateral excitation and inhibition in V1, and self-organization of synaptic weights based on Hebbian learning and divisive normalization, we show that (a) prior data indicating increased contrast sensitivity for low-spatial-frequency stimuli in first-episode schizophrenia can be successfully modeled as a function of reduced retinal and LGN efferent activity, leading to overamplification at the cortical level, and (b) prior data on reduced contrast sensitivity and broadened orientation tuning in chronic schizophrenia can be successfully modeled by a combination of reduced V1 lateral inhibition and an increase in the Hebbian learning rate at V1 synapses for LGN input. These models are consistent with many current findings, and they predict several relationships that have not yet been demonstrated. They also have implications for understanding changes in brain and visual function from the first psychotic episode to the chronic stage of illness.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling of Contrast Sensitivity and Orientation Tuning in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia

Silverstein

Demmin

Bednar

2017

Computational Psychiatry

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“…Four cats were used in this experiment. The recording preparations were similar to those described previously (Hua et al 2006;Hua et al 2010;Meng et al 2013;Yang et al 2016). The cats were anaesthetized with ketamine HCl (40 mg kg −1 , I.M.)…”

Section: Examination Of Tdcs-induced Neuronal Activity In A21amentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodal and cathodal tDCS modulate neural activity and selectively affect GABA and glutamate syntheses in the visual cortex of cats

Zhao

Ding

Pan

et al. 2020

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points The present study showed that anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can respectively increase and decrease the amplitude of visually evoked field potentials in the stimulated visual cortex of cats, with the effect lasting for ∼60–70 min. We directly measured tDCS‐induced changes in the concentration of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the visual cortex using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method and showed that anodal and cathodal tDCS can selectively decrease the concentration of GABA and glutamate in the stimulated cortical area. Anodal and cathodal tDCS can selectively inhibit the synthesis of GABA and glutamate by suppressing the expression of GABA‐ and glutamate‐synthesizing enzymes, respectively. Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) evokes long‐lasting neuronal excitability in the target brain region. The underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study examined tDCS‐induced alterations in neuronal activities, as well as the concentration and synthesis of GABA and glutamate (GLU), in area 21a (A21a) of cat visual cortex. Our analysis showed that anodal and cathodal tDCS respectively enhanced and suppressed neuronal activities in A21a, as indicated by a significantly increased and decreased amplitude of visually evoked field potentials (VEPs). The tDCS‐induced effect lasted for ∼60–70 min. By contrast, sham tDCS had no significant impact on the VEPs in A21a. On the other hand, the concentration of GABA, but not that of GLU, in A21a significantly decreased after anodal tDCS relative to sham tDCS, whereas the concentration of GLU, but not that of GABA, in A21a significantly decreased after cathodal tDCS relative to sham tDCS. Furthermore, the expression of GABA‐synthesizing enzymes GAD65 and GAD67 in A21a significantly decreased in terms of both mRNA and protein concentrations after anodal tDCS relative to sham tDCS, whereas that of GLU‐synthesizing enzyme glutaminase (GLS) did not change significantly after anodal tDCS. By contrast, both mRNA and protein concentrations of GLS in A21a significantly decreased after cathodal tDCS relative to sham tDCS, whereas those of GAD65/GAD67 showed no significant change after cathodal tDCS. Taken together, these results indicate that anodal and cathodal tDCS may selectively reduce GABA and GLU syntheses and thus respectively enhance and suppress neuronal excitability in the stimulated brain area.

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“…These neuronal response changes were not due to a deep anesthesia level applied in DR cats because the heart rate and ECG of DR and control cats were maintained in the same normal range during electrophysiological recording, and the mean dose of anesthetic-urethane (mg/kg body weight/hr) used in DR cats (20.5±0.70) and control cats (20.8±0.59) exhibited no significant difference (p>0.1) ( S3 Table ). Additionally, our previous investigations demonstrated that giving as much as four times the minimum level of urethane required to anesthetize cats did not alter the degree of neuronal response selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions nor significantly changed the visually-driven response and spontaneous activity of V1 neurons [ 24 , 37 , 38 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each cat was prepared for acute in vivo single-unit recording after at the end of DR period. The recording procedures were similar to that described in our previous studies [ 24 , 36 – 38 ]. Briefly, anesthesia was induced by injection of ketamine HCl (40 mg/kg, im) and xylazine (2 mg/kg, im).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Restriction Affects Neuronal Response Property and GABA Synthesis in the Primary Visual Cortex

Yang

Wang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Previous studies have reported inconsistent effects of dietary restriction (DR) on cortical inhibition. To clarify this issue, we examined the response properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of DR and control groups of cats using in vivo extracellular single-unit recording techniques, and assessed the synthesis of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the V1 of cats from both groups using immunohistochemical and Western blot techniques. Our results showed that the response of V1 neurons to visual stimuli was significantly modified by DR, as indicated by an enhanced selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions, decreased visually-evoked response, lowered spontaneous activity and increased signal-to-noise ratio in DR cats relative to control cats. Further, it was shown that, accompanied with these changes of neuronal responsiveness, GABA immunoreactivity and the expression of a key GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD67 in the V1 were significantly increased by DR. These results demonstrate that DR may retard brain aging by increasing the intracortical inhibition effect and improve the function of visual cortical neurons in visual information processing. This DR-induced elevation of cortical inhibition may favor the brain in modulating energy expenditure based on food availability.

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Neural correlates of stimulus spatial frequency-dependent contrast detection

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

Computational Modeling of Contrast Sensitivity and Orientation Tuning in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia

Computational Modeling of Contrast Sensitivity and Orientation Tuning in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia

Anodal and cathodal tDCS modulate neural activity and selectively affect GABA and glutamate syntheses in the visual cortex of cats

Dietary Restriction Affects Neuronal Response Property and GABA Synthesis in the Primary Visual Cortex

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