The higher order oligomeric state of the Na,K-ATPase ␣ heterodimer in cell membranes is the subject of controversy. We have utilized the baculovirus-infected insect cell system to express Na,K-ATPase with ␣-subunits bearing either His 6 or FLAG epitopes at the carboxyl terminus. Each of these constructs produced functional Na,K-ATPase ␣ heterodimers that were delivered to the plasma membrane (PM). Cells were simultaneously co-infected with viruses encoding ␣-His/ and ␣-FLAG/ Na,K-ATPases. Co-immunoprecipitation of the Histagged ␣-subunit in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and PM fractions of co-infected cells by the anti-FLAG antibody demonstrates that protein-protein associations exist between these heterodimers. This suggests the Na,KATPase is present in cell membranes in an oligomeric state of at least (␣) 2 composition. Deletion of 256 amino acid residues from the central cytoplasmic loop of the ␣-subunit results in the deletion ␣-4,5-loop-less (␣-4,5LL), which associates with  but is confined to the ER. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates that when this inactive ␣-4,5LL/ heterodimer is co-expressed with wild-type ␣, oligomers of wild-type ␣ and ␣-4,5LL/ form in the ER, but the ␣-4,5LL mutant remains retained in the ER, and the wild-type protein is still delivered to the PM. We conclude that the Na,K-ATPase is present as oligomers of the monomeric ␣ heterodimer in native cell membranes.