“…This gene family, which encodes a number of secreted extracellular matrix-associated proteins expressed in the brain (Malik et al, 2015), represents an interesting candidate for effects on PP risk given: a) its known involvement in female reproductive function (Winterhager and Gellhaus, 2014), b) its dynamic brain expression throughout pregnancy and the puerperium (Ray et al, 2015), c) its modulation of Notch and Wnt signalling pathways (Winterhager and Gellhaus, 2014) that are disrupted in bipolar disorder (Pedroso et al, 2012) and cases of postpartum psychiatric disturbance (Pantoni et al, 2005) and d) the known role of extracellular-matrix dysfunction in the pathophysiology of mood disorders (Lubbers et al, 2014). Additionally, Ccn gene expression may be altered by the administration of psychotomimetic agents (Sakuma et al, 2015), by social stress (Stankiewicz et al, 2015), and by small molecules including cytokines and serotonin (Chen et al, 2014).…”