Neural Interfaces for Intracortical Recording: Requirements, Fabrication Methods, and Characteristics

Szostak, K.; Grand, László; Constandinou, Timothy G.

doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00665

Cited by 148 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 239 publications

(339 reference statements)

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“…Previously, there have been studies examining and comparing a variety of existing array configurations; however, a comprehensive systematic evaluation of the geometric features has not been performed on currently relevant devices. Some of the most studied array geometries include the Utah array (Figure B) and the Michigan array (Figure C), as they offer advantages over more traditional microwire electrode designs, such as noise reduction, increased ease of recording site definition, and reduction in the number of microdrives required to implant the electrode into the brain . Utah arrays are characterized by grids of silicon microelectrodes, each of which are ≈1 mm in length, with intermediate spacings of 0.4 mm and a surface area of about 12.96 mm 2 .…”

Section: Microelectrode Array Modifications For Improving the Neuralmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Microelectrode Arrays and Strategies for Improving Neural Interfaces

Ferguson

Sharma

Ross

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Though neural interface systems (NISs) can provide a potential solution for mitigating the effects of limb loss and central nervous system damage, the microelectrode array (MEA) component of NISs remains a significant limiting factor to their widespread clinical applications. Several strategies can be applied to MEA designs to increase their biocompatibility. Herein, an overview of NISs and their applications is provided, along with a detailed discussion of strategies for alleviating the foreign body response (FBR) and abnormalities seen at the interface of MEAs and the brain tissue following MEA implantation. Various surface modifications, including natural/synthetic surface coatings, hydrogels, and topography alterations, have shown to be highly successful in improving neural cell adhesion, reducing gliosis, and increasing MEA longevity. Different MEA surface geometries, such as those seen in the Utah and Michigan arrays, can help alleviate the resultant FBR by reducing insertion damage, while providing new avenues for improving MEA recording performance and resolution. Increasing overall flexibility of MEAs as well as reducing their stiffness is also shown to reduce MEA induced micromotion along with FBR severity. By combining multiple different properties into a single MEA, the severity and duration of an FBR postimplantation can be reduced substantially.

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Section: Microelectrode Array Modifications For Improving the Neuralmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Microelectrode Arrays and Strategies for Improving Neural Interfaces

Ferguson

Sharma

Ross

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Section: Implantable Neuroprostheses In Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantable Neural Interfaces and Wearable Tactile Systems for Bidirectional Neuroprosthetics Systems

Cutrone

Micera

2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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functions of nervous system when damages occur. Moreover, in case of physical impairments, the use of artificial tactile sensors is also paramount to ensure the possibility to restore the sense of touch to the patient. Bioinspiration from human natural touch could help in the release of enhanced tactile sensors to be used in neuroprosthetics. Technological and biological advancements brought serious improvements in the quality of these devices, such as miniaturization and increased biocompatibility. This article reviews the essential design criteria, working principles, materials, and technical considerations on neural interfaces and tactile sensors; their clinical application in neuroprosthetics and their future progress toward optimized solutions. Neural InterfacesA neural interface device (NID) is an implantable tool that aims at restoring nervous system functions in case of impairments or communicates with external components (e.g., limb prostheses); its main objective is to record neural signal from a small group of axons/cells or to stimulate a selected area of the nervous system. The clinical potentialities of NIDs range from their applications in central nervous system (CNS) for treating epilepsy seizures, mitigating Parkinson's disease; in peripheral nervous system (PNS) for controlling limb prostheses in amputees and restore sensory feedback; in autonomous nervous system such as vagus nerve to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and chronic depression to finally auditory and vision systems to restore the perception of specific sounds and phosphenes. An ideal NID should be biocompatible, highly selective, low invasive and stable over long time. If intended for clinical applications, the functionality of a NID should be reliable and should last decades. Considering the different implantation sites of interest of the device, various solutions have been proposed to optimize the communication between the NID and the surrounding environment. Figure 1 highlights the main applications of most common used NIDs in neuroprosthetics. With a special focus on implantable neuroprostheses and motor system, this paragraph will portray the design criteria, the materials and technical considerations heretofore used for the development of diverse types of NID used in CNS and PNS.Neuroprosthetics and neuromodulation represent a promising field for several related applications in the central and peripheral nervous system, such as the treatment of neurological disorders, the control of external robotic devices, and the restoration of lost tactile functions. These actions are allowed by the neural interface, a miniaturized implantable device that most commonly exploits electrical energy to fulfill these operations. A neural interface must be biocompatible, stable over time, low invasive, and highly selective; the challenge is to develop a safe, compact, and reliable tool for clinical applications. In case of anatomical impairments, neuroprosthetics is bound to the need of exploring the surrounding environment by fast-responsive and ...

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“…As a particularly useful method for spatially resolved measurements in challenging biological systems, such as intracortical recordings, this technology is still developing [141]. It has been shown that flexible neural probes can be inserted into living tissue, with the assistance of a stiffener assembly, in a further example of an application of electrochemical imaging in a location inaccessible to standard SEPM methods operated with a mobile scanning probe [142].…”

Section: Microelectrode Arrays and Large-scale Integration Chipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Perspectives in Chemical Imaging in Cellular Environments Using Electrochemical Methods

Lazenby

White

2018

Chemosensors

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This review discusses a broad range of recent advances (2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017) in chemical imaging using electrochemical methods, with a particular focus on techniques that have been applied to study cellular processes, or techniques that show promise for use in this field in the future. Non-scanning techniques such as microelectrode arrays (MEAs) offer high time-resolution (<10 ms) imaging; however, at reduced spatial resolution. In contrast, scanning electrochemical probe microscopies (SEPMs) offer higher spatial resolution (as low as a few nm per pixel) imaging, with images collected typically over many minutes. Recent significant research efforts to improve the spatial resolution of SEPMs using nanoscale probes and to improve the temporal resolution using fast scanning have resulted in movie (multiple frame) imaging with frame rates as low as a few seconds per image. Many SEPM techniques lack chemical specificity or have poor selectivity (defined by the choice of applied potential for redox-active species). This can be improved using multifunctional probes, ion-selective electrodes and tip-integrated biosensors, although additional effort may be required to preserve sensor performance after miniaturization of these probes. We discuss advances to the field of electrochemical imaging, and technological developments which are anticipated to extend the range of processes that can be studied. This includes imaging cellular processes with increased sensor selectivity and at much improved spatiotemporal resolution than has been previously customary.

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Neural Interfaces for Intracortical Recording: Requirements, Fabrication Methods, and Characteristics

Cited by 148 publications

References 239 publications

A Critical Review of Microelectrode Arrays and Strategies for Improving Neural Interfaces

A Critical Review of Microelectrode Arrays and Strategies for Improving Neural Interfaces

Implantable Neural Interfaces and Wearable Tactile Systems for Bidirectional Neuroprosthetics Systems

Advances and Perspectives in Chemical Imaging in Cellular Environments Using Electrochemical Methods

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