Neural mechanisms of shifts of spatial attention induced by object words with spatial associations: an ERP study

Zhang, Entao; Luo, Junlong; Jijia, Zhang; Yan, Wang; Zhong, Jun; Li, Qiwei

doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3500-x

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…and "snake" closely resemble actual perceptions in the upper and lower visual fields, respectively (Quadflieg et al, 2011; see also Zhang et al, 2013). Although such attentional orienting is well documented, notice that it should facilitate perception at the implied location, not hinder it (Hommel, Pratt, Colzato, & Godijn, 2001).…”

Section: Location-specific Perceptual Representationmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…or downward (e.g., "cellar") spatial associations (e.g., Bergen et al, 2007;Chasteen, Burdzy, & Pratt, 2010;Duschig et al, 2012Duschig et al, , 2013Estes et al, 2008;Goodhew et al, 2014;Gozli et al, 2013;Quadflieg et al, 2011;Richardson et al, 2003;Verges & Duffy, 2009;Zhang et al, 2013), maps clearly onto the perceptual matching account described in the introduction: The visual target was described as appearing in either the "matching" location or a "mismatching" location. Thus, our theoretical conceptualization treated the congruence between the spatial association of the cue and the physical location of the target as a categorical factor.…”

Section: A Categorical Model Of Spatial Codingmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Many researchers have attributed the spatial interference effect to location-specific perceptual simulations: The word "bird" shifts attention upward and evokes the perceptual representation of a bird, which impairs identification of the visual target (e.g., "O") either by visually masking the target or by preoccupying the neural systems necessary for visual perception (Bergen et al, 2007;Estes et al, 2008;Richardson et al, 2003;Verges & Duffy, 2009). Indeed, this competition account was plausible because words do evoke eye movements toward associated locations (Dudschig et al, 2013; see also Quadflieg et al, 2011;Richardson & Spivey, 2000;Spivey & Geng, 2001;Zhang et al, 2013) and do activate perceptual representations of the denoted object or event (Barsalou, 2008;Fischer & Zwaan, 2008;Gallese & Lakoff, 2005;Martin, 2007;Pecher & Zwaan, 2005;Pulvermuller & Fadiga, 2010). However, empirical verification of these two components of the competition account does not necessarily imply that they cause the spatial interference effect, and in fact the present results failed to support this explanation.…”

Section: Empirical Contributions [Revise!]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Words, objects, and locations: Perceptual matching explains spatial interference and facilitation

Estes

Verges²,

Adelman

2015

Journal of Memory and Language

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[NEEDS REVISING]Many common words have spatial associations (e.g., "bird," "jump") that, counterintuitively, hinder identification of visual targets at their associated location. For example, "bird" hinders identification at the top of a display. This spatial interference has been attributed to perceptual simulation: "bird" shifts attention upward and evokes the perceptual representation of a bird, which impairs target identification by preoccupying the visual system. We propose an alternative explanation based on perceptual matching: target objects and locations are coded independently for their congruence with the cue word, and codes that are inconsistent with one another hinder identification. "Bird" hinders identification of a square target in the upper visual field because the target object mismatches the cue but its location matches the cue, thereby creating inconsistent codes that slow responding. We tested these competing accounts by comparing spatial interference from strongly visual (e.g., "bird") and nonvisual (e.g., "arise") cue words. Across two experiments with a large sample of nouns (Experiment 1) and verbs (Experiment 2), words of strong and weak visual strength and imageability elicited equivalent spatial interference. Thus, spatial interference is attributable to perceptual matching rather than perceptual simulation. Moreover, results supported a graded model of perceptual matching, whereby target identification times are proportional to the physical distance between the expected (i.e., associated) and observed (i.e., actual) target locations.

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Section: Location-specific Perceptual Representationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: A Categorical Model Of Spatial Codingmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Empirical Contributions [Revise!]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Words, objects, and locations: Perceptual matching explains spatial interference and facilitation

Estes

Verges²,

Adelman

2015

Journal of Memory and Language

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“…The attenuated N400s observed are interpreted as a possible contribution of semantics (Feldman et al, 2009; Kielar and Joanisse, 2011). The other ERP component would be N100, reflecting attention allocation, working memory operation (Zhang et al, 2013), early perceptual processes such as feature integration and encoding, feature-mapping processes of speech sounds, the automatic lexical classification of a word and is relatively independent of the task (Spironelli and Angrilli, 2009) and a transitional processing stage between auditory and abstract phonological representations. So it is termed as “recognition potential.” The shorter latency of N100 usually represents higher mental ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age of Acquisition Effects on Word Processing for Chinese Native Learners’ English: ERP Evidence for the Arbitrary Mapping Hypothesis

et al. 2017

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The present study aimed at distinguishing processing of early learned L2 words from late ones for Chinese natives who learn English as a foreign language. Specifically, we examined whether the age of acquisition (AoA) effect arose during the arbitrary mapping from conceptual knowledge onto linguistic units. The behavior and ERP data were collected when 28 Chinese-English bilinguals were asked to perform semantic relatedness judgment on word pairs, which represented three stages of word learning (i.e., primary school, junior and senior high schools). A 3 (AoA: early vs. intermediate vs. late) × 2 (regularity: regular vs. irregular) × 2 (semantic relatedness: related vs. unrelated) × 2 (hemisphere: left vs. right) × 3 (brain area: anterior vs. central vs. posterior) within-subjects design was adopted. Results from the analysis of N100 and N400 amplitudes showed that early learned words had an advantage in processing accuracy and speed; there is a tendency that the AoA effect was more pronounced for irregular word pairs and in the semantic related condition. More important, ERP results showed early acquired words induced larger N100 amplitudes for early AoA words in the parietal area and more negative-going N400 than late acquire words in the frontal and central regions. The results indicate the locus of the AoA effect might derive from the arbitrary mapping between word forms and semantic concepts, and early acquired words have more semantic interconnections than late acquired words.

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“…A key (and, at first sight, puzzling) feature of the available literature is that words with up/down associations can both interfere with (Bergen, Lindsay, Matlock, & Narayanan, 2007; Dudschig, Lachmair, de la Vega, De Filippis, & Kaup, 2012; Estes et al, 2008; Gozli, Chasteen, & Pratt, 2013; Verges & Duffy, 2009), or facilitate the discrimination of (Chasteen, Burdzy, & Pratt, 2010; Gozli et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2013), visual targets in congruent locations. Gozli and colleagues (2013) scrutinized this pattern of findings and showed that interference in compatible location occurs only when SOA is short (<400 ms), whereas facilitation is observed at longer SOAs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading sky and seeing a cloud: On the relevance of events for perceptual simulation.

Ostarek

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Previous research has shown that processing words with an up/down association (e.g., bird, foot) can influence the subsequent identification of visual targets in congruent location (at the top/bottom of the screen). However, as facilitation and interference were found under similar conditions, the nature of the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. We propose that word comprehension relies on the perceptual simulation of a prototypical event involving the entity denoted by a word in order to provide a general account of the different findings. In 3 experiments, participants had to discriminate between 2 target pictures appearing at the top or the bottom of the screen by pressing the left versus right button. Immediately before the targets appeared, they saw an up/down word belonging to the target’s event, an up/down word unrelated to the target, or a spatially neutral control word. Prime words belonging to target event facilitated identification of targets at a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 250 ms (Experiment 1), but only when presented in the vertical location where they are typically seen, indicating that targets were integrated in the simulations activated by the prime words. Moreover, at the same SOA, there was a robust facilitation effect for targets appearing in their typical location regardless of the prime type. However, when words were presented for 100 ms (Experiment 2) or 800 ms (Experiment 3), only a location nonspecific priming effect was found, suggesting that the visual system was not activated. Implications for theories of semantic processing are discussed.

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Neural mechanisms of shifts of spatial attention induced by object words with spatial associations: an ERP study

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Words, objects, and locations: Perceptual matching explains spatial interference and facilitation

Words, objects, and locations: Perceptual matching explains spatial interference and facilitation

Age of Acquisition Effects on Word Processing for Chinese Native Learners’ English: ERP Evidence for the Arbitrary Mapping Hypothesis

Reading sky and seeing a cloud: On the relevance of events for perceptual simulation.

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