Neural Mechanisms of Swallowing and Effects of Taste and Other Stimuli on Swallow Initiation

Yamamura, Kensuke; Kitagawa, Junichi; Kurose, Masayuki; Sugino, Shinichiro; Takatsuji, Hanako; Mostafeezur, Rahman Md; Hossain, Mohammad Zakir; Yamada, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1248/bpb.33.1786

Cited by 41 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…More specifically the size, texture, taste, temperature of the bolus or pharyngeal distention can alter the swallow pattern (Kahrilas & Logemann, 1993; Logemann et al , 1995; Ali et al , 1996a; Rademaker et al , 1998; Ertekin et al , 2000; Hiss et al , 2001; Jean, 2001; Kendall & Leonard, 2001; Kendall et al , 2001; Butler et al , 2004; Chee et al , 2005; Leow et al , 2007; Troche et al , 2008; Humbert et al , 2009; Thexton et al , 2009; Yamamura et al , 2010). This effect has not been previously demonstrated by stimulation of tracheal afferents.…”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of cough and swallow: A meta-behavioral response to aspiration

Pitts

Rose

Mortensen

et al. 2013

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Airway protection is the prevention and/or removal of material by behaviors, such as cough and swallow. We tested the hypothesis that cough and swallow, in response to aspiration, are a “meta-behavior” and thus are coordinated and have alterations in excitability to respond to aspiration risk and maintain homeostasis. Anesthetized animals were challenged with a protocol that simulated ongoing aspiration and induced both coughing and swallowing. Electromyograms of the mylohyoid, geniohyoid, thyrohyoid, thyroarytenoid, thyropharyngeus, cricopharyngeus, parasternal, rectus abdominis muscles together with esophageal pressure were recorded to identify and evaluate cough and swallow. During simulated aspiration, both cough and swallow intensity increased and swallow duration decreased consistent with a more rapid pharyngeal clearance. A phase restriction between cough and swallow was also observed; swallow was restricted to the E2 phase of cough during chest wall and abdominal motor quiescence. These results support the conclusion that the cough and swallow pattern generators are an airway protective meta-behavior. The resulting alterations in swallow drive during the simulated aspiration protocol also supports the conclusion that the trachea provides feedback on swallow quality, informing the brainstem about aspiration incidences. The overall coordination of cough and swallow led to the additional conclusion that mechanically the larynx and upper esophageal sphincter act as two separate valves controlling the direction of positive and negative pressures from the upper airway into the thorax.

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Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of cough and swallow: A meta-behavioral response to aspiration

Pitts

Rose

Mortensen

et al. 2013

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…Another consideration is the influence of taste and oral chemesthetic stimulation on swallowing [56,57]. Though subjects were instructed not to swallow before inhalations of capsaicin, it is possible that taste stimuli and menthol influenced the urge to swallow.…”

Section: 1 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweet taste and menthol increase cough reflex thresholds

Wise

Breslin

Dalton

2012

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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Cough is a vital protective reflex that is triggered by both mechanical and chemical stimuli. The current experiments explored how chemosensory stimuli modulate this important reflex. Cough thresholds were measured using a single-inhalation capsaicin challenge. Experiment 1 examined the impact of sweet taste: Cough thresholds were measured after rinsing the mouth with a sucrose solution (sweet) or with water (control). Experiment 2 examined the impact of menthol: Cough thresholds were measured after inhaling headspace above a menthol solution (menthol vapor) or headspace above the mineral oil solvent (control). Experiment 3 examined the impact of rinsing the mouth with a (bitter) sucrose octaacetate solution. Rinsing with sucrose and inhaling menthol vapor significantly increased measured cough thresholds. Rinsing with sucrose octaacete caused a non-significant decrease in cough thresholds, an important demonstration of specificity. Decreases in cough reflex sensitivity from sucrose or menthol could help explain why cough syrups without pharmacologically active ingredients are often almost as effective as formulations with an added drug. Further, the results support the idea that adding menthol to cigarettes might make tobacco smoke more tolerable for beginning smokers, at least in part, by reducing the sensitivity of an important airway defense mechanism.

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“…Instead, our subjects were examined in the upright position with the head and transducer fixed by a special device, which ensured that the subject’s head and transducer remained in a constant position. Furthermore, because the volume [32,33], taste [34–36], consistency [32,37,38], and position [39] of the bolus being swallowed affect tongue movements, the subjects were instructed to perform saliva swallows and drink 3–5 ml of water between the swallowing to create the most reproducible swallows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of B+M-Mode Ultrasonography in Assessing Deglutitive Tongue Movements in Healthy Adults

Cao

et al. 2015

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate tongue movements during swallowing in healthy adults using the B+M-mode ultrasonography, and to determine a common feature in the M-mode traces for quantitative measurement and individual comparison of tongue movements.Material/MethodsNinety healthy subjects were divided into 3 groups according to age (20–39, 40–59, and 60–80 years). The tongue movements during 3 saliva swallows were examined using real-time B+M-mode ultrasonography. The M-mode traces of tongue movements were recorded and evaluated.ResultsBoth intra-individual and inter-individual differences were detected in the M-mode traces during the 3 saliva swallows. Characteristic types were seen during the individual swallowing phases of M-mode traces: 2 activity types in phase I, 2 types in phase IIb, and 3 types in phase III. However, no variations were seen during phase IIa, in which all subjects displayed a continuous upsloping trace. The average range of swallow-related tongue radial displacement during phase IIa decreased gradually with age, while the average duration of tongue movement during phase IIa increased gradually with age. These 2 trends were not statistically significant across age groups. However, differences between sexes were found in both the range of tongue radial displacement and the duration of deglutitive lingual actions during phase IIa in all 3 age groups (P<0.05).ConclusionsB+M-mode ultrasonography may offer a quick and safe alternative for the preliminary evaluation of deglutitive tongue movements.

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Neural Mechanisms of Swallowing and Effects of Taste and Other Stimuli on Swallow Initiation

Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

Coordination of cough and swallow: A meta-behavioral response to aspiration

Coordination of cough and swallow: A meta-behavioral response to aspiration

Sweet taste and menthol increase cough reflex thresholds

Application of B+M-Mode Ultrasonography in Assessing Deglutitive Tongue Movements in Healthy Adults

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