Neural mechanisms of the reflex inhibition and excitation of gastric motility elicited by acupuncture-like stimulation in anesthetized rats

Sato, Akio; Sato, Yuko; Suzuki, Atsushi; Uchida, Sae

doi:10.1016/0168-0102(93)90105-y

Cited by 197 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The gastric motility was often excited via parasympathetic efferent nerves when the limbs were stimulated. The inhibitory gastric response elicited by abdominal acupuncture was mediated by the gastric sympathetic nerves and was not influenced by naloxone, so the response might be mediated via the somato-visceral reflex (90).…”

Section: Effects Of Acupuncture On Gastrointestinal Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Acupuncture and Moxibustion Act? – Focusing on the Progress in Japanese Acupuncture Research –

et al. 2006

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Abstract. The mechanisms of action of acupuncture and moxibustion as reported by Japanese researchers are reviewed. The endogenous opioid-mediated mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) as used in China are well understood, but these are only one component of all mechanisms of acupuncture. These studies emphasize the similarity of the analgesic action of EA to various sensory inputs to the pain inhibition mechanisms. In Japanese acupuncture therapy, careful detection of the acupuncture points and fine needling technique with comfortable subjective sensation are considered important. The role of polymodal receptors (PMR) has been stressed based on the facts that PMRs are responsive to both acupuncture and moxibustion stimuli, thermal sensitivity is essential in moxibustion therapy, and the characteristics of acupuncture points and trigger points are similar to those of sensitized PMRs. Acupuncture and moxibustion are also known to affect neurons in the brain reward systems and blood flow in skin, muscle, and nerve. Axon reflexes mediated by PMRs might be a possible mechanism for the immediate action of acupuncture and moxibustion. Reports on the curative effects of acupuncture on various digestive and urological disorders are also reviewed briefly.

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Section: Effects Of Acupuncture On Gastrointestinal Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Acupuncture and Moxibustion Act? – Focusing on the Progress in Japanese Acupuncture Research –

et al. 2006

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“…Previous studies suggest the site-specific inhibitory or stimulatory effects of acupuncture on gastric motility (24,48). The pericardium (PC)-6 (Neiguan) at wrist and stomach (ST)-36 (Zusanli) at hindlimb are the common acupoints used for treating gastric symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (1,35), suggesting that acupuncture at these acupoints may stimulate gastric motility.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dual effects of acupuncture on gastric motility in conscious rats

Tatewaki¹,

Harris²,

Uemura³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

101

112

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. Dual effects of acupuncture on gastric motility in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 285: R862-R872, 2003; 10.1152/ ajpregu.00715.2002The effects of manual acupuncture on gastric motility were investigated in 35 conscious rats implanted with a strain gauge transducer. Twenty (57.1%) rats showed no cyclic groupings of strong contractions (type A), whereas 15 (42.9%) rats showed the phase III-like contractions of the migrating motor complex (type B) in the fasting gastric motility. Acupuncture at the stomach (ST)-36 (Zusanli), but not on the back [Weishu, bladder (BL)-21], increased the peak amplitude of contractions to 172.4 Ϯ 25.6% of basal in the type A rats (n ϭ 20, P Ͻ 0.05). On the other hand, the motility index for 60 min after the acupuncture was not affected by the acupuncture in this group. On the contrary, acupuncture decreased the peak amplitude and motility index to 72.9 Ϯ 14.0% and 73.6 Ϯ 16.2% in the type B rats (n ϭ 15, P Ͻ 0.05), respectively. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of acupuncture observed in each type were reproducible on the separate days. In 70% of type A rats, acupuncture induced strong phase III-like contractions lasting for over 3 h that were abolished by atropine, hexamethonium, atropine methyl bromide, and vagotomy. Naloxone significantly shortened the duration of the stimulatory effects from 3.52 Ϯ 0.21 to 1.02 Ϯ 0.15 h (n ϭ 3, P Ͻ 0.05). These results suggest that acupuncture at ST-36 induces dual effects, either stimulatory or inhibitory, on gastric motility. The stimulatory effects are mediated in part via vagal efferent and opioid pathways. vagal nerve; migrating motor complex; stomach-36; opioid ACUPUNCTURE HAS BEEN USED empirically in clinical practice in China for several millennia (59). In November 1997, the National Institutes of Health conducted a consensus conference regarding acupuncture and concluded that acupuncture is an effective treatment for several medical conditions. Although a large number of previous clinical studies support the efficacy of acupuncture for treating gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and/or diseases (9, 16), little is known about the underlying mechanism(s).It has been demonstrated that the somatosensory inputs from the skin and/or muscle are involved in the control of various autonomic functions (22,26). A series of investigations regarding somato-autonomic reflexes has also been carried out focusing on GI function. In some of those investigations, there is good evidence indicating the importance of cutaneo-sensory inputs in the autonomic control of GI motility. In anesthetized rats, for instance, it has been shown that the cutaneogastric reflexes mediate the inhibition and the stimulation of gastric motility via sympathetic and parasympathetic efferents, respectively (24,28,47). It was shown that the cutaneo-sensory stimulation induced by pinching abdominal skin of rats inhibits gastric motility by increasing sympathetic activity. On the other hand, cutaneo-sensory stimulation induced by pinching the hindlimb enh...

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“…The effects of acupuncture on gastrointestinal function are mostly investigated using electric stimulation (Lin et al, 1997), and in conscious dogs application of electro-acupuncture to points ST-36 and PC-6 has been shown to enhance the gastric migrating motor complex and acceleration of liquid gastric emptying through enhanced vagal activity, thus improving gastric slow wave rhythm and enhancing antral contractile activity (Qian et al, 1999). The effects of acupuncture also vary depending on the points where it is applied, with site specific inhibitory or stimulatory effects of acupuncture on gastric motility being noted (Kametani et al, 1979;Sato et al, 1993). The PC-6 point at the wrist and the ST-36 point on the hind limb are the common loci used for the acupuncture treatment of gastric symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (Al-Sadi et al, 1997), suggesting that acupuncture at these points may stimulate gastric motility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture modulates mechanical responses of smooth muscle produced by transmural nerve stimulation in gastric antrum of genetically hyperglycemic rats

Fukuta

Koshita

Nakamura

et al. 2009

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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Effects of acupuncture treatment on mechanical responses produced by transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) and acetylcholine (ACh) were investigated in circular smooth muscle preparations isolated from the antrum of the stomach of genetically hyperglycemic rats. While control rats had blood glucose levels of about 140 mg/dl, this was approximately tripled in the genetically hyperglycemic rats, but only doubled in the acupuncture treated genetically hyperglycemic rats. Antrum smooth muscle produced phasic contractions spontaneously, with a similar frequency and amplitude in the three groups of rats. Effects of atropine and N ω -nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) on TNS-induced responses revealed that in the antrum smooth muscle of the control rats, cholinergic excitatory, non-adrenergic noncholinergic excitatory (NANCE), nitrergic inhibitory and off-responses produced projections: the last projection was considered to be non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nonnitrergic (NANCNN) in nature. In genetically hyperglycemic rats, nitrergic and NANCNN projections were enhanced and NANCE projections were absent. Acupuncture treated genetically hyperglycemic rats showed a reduction of NANCNN projection and enhancement of cholinergic projection, with no alteration to nitrergic projection, but a recovery of NANCE projection. ACh elicited inhibitory responses at low concentrations (1-30 nM) and excitatory responses at high concentrations (100-300 nM), in the three groups of rats. L-NA converted the ACh-induced inhibitory responses to excitatory responses. Immunohistochemical examination indicated no significant difference in the distribution of c-Kit expressing cells in the antrum smooth muscle from the three groups of rats. The results indicated that in antral smooth muscle, hyperglycemia was associated with enhanced activity in nitrergic and NANCNN projections and attenuation of NANCE projections, and that acupuncture treatment caused both a reduced blood glucose level and attenuated NANCNN projections. In genetically hyperglycemic rats, cholinergic responses were enhanced by acupuncture, possibly due to the enhanced cholinergic projections, with no change in the sensitivity of postjunctional muscarinic receptors to ACh.

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Neural mechanisms of the reflex inhibition and excitation of gastric motility elicited by acupuncture-like stimulation in anesthetized rats

Cited by 197 publications

References 19 publications

How Do Acupuncture and Moxibustion Act? – Focusing on the Progress in Japanese Acupuncture Research –

How Do Acupuncture and Moxibustion Act? – Focusing on the Progress in Japanese Acupuncture Research –

Dual effects of acupuncture on gastric motility in conscious rats

Acupuncture modulates mechanical responses of smooth muscle produced by transmural nerve stimulation in gastric antrum of genetically hyperglycemic rats

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