“…After intravenous administration of a drug, instantaneous jumps are observed in the drug concentration in plasma and the target organ (Yang, 2001 iScience Article discontinuities in their dynamics can be categorized as impulsive systems and allow for application of control engineering design tools (Sopasakis et al, 2015;Rivadeneira et al, 2015Rivadeneira et al, , 2016Rivadeneira et al, , 2017Gonzá lez et al, 2017;Fontes and Pereira, 2012;Magni et al, 2007;Bahremand et al, 2019;Montaseri et al, 2018Montaseri et al, , 2020Rivadeneira and Moog, 2012). Among these methods, model predictive control (MPC) techniques have been widely used (Sopasakis et al, 2015;Rivadeneira et al, 2015Rivadeneira et al, , 2016Rivadeneira et al, , 2017Gonzá lez et al, 2017;Fontes and Pereira, 2012;Magni et al, 2007;Bahremand et al, 2019) due to their ability to consider systemic constraints, which confine the dynamics of the system variables or the external control input. In the context of pharmacodynamics, the control input is the administered drug.…”