Neural processing of iterated prisoner’s dilemma outcomes indicates next-round choice and speed to reciprocate cooperation

Abstract

Cooperation upholds life in organized societies, but its neurobiological mechanisms remain unresolved. Recent theoretical analyses have contrasted cooperation by its fast versus slower modes of decisionmaking. This raises the question of the neural timescales involved in the integration of decision-related information, and of the participating neural circuits. Using time-resolved electroencephalography (EEG) methods, we characterized relevant neural signatures of feedback processing at the iterated prisoner's dilemma (iPD), an economic task that addresses cooperation-based exchange between social 1 5 10 15 20

Feedback processing in attack and defense conflicts: a neurophysiological study

“…The Event-Related Potentials (ERP) technique has been extensively used to assess the brain mechanisms underlying feedback processing (e.g., Chen et al, 2017;Constantino et al, 2021;Luft, 2014). An ERP reflects brain electrical responses synchronized with a specific stimulation and/or event (e.g., feedback from a specific action).…”

“…The typical ERP waveform represents a composite of distinct components that are modulated by distinct perceptive, emotional, and attentional brain mechanisms within the information processing stream (Luck, 2014). In the context of feedback, two main ERP components have contributed to the understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying feedback processing: (a) the Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) and (b) the P3b (e.g., Chen et al, 2017;Constantino et al, 2021;Luft, 2014). The FRN component is a negative deflection captured in the frontocentral electrodes in between 200 to 350 ms post feedback presentation (Constantino et al, 2021).…”

“…In the context of feedback, two main ERP components have contributed to the understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying feedback processing: (a) the Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) and (b) the P3b (e.g., Chen et al, 2017;Constantino et al, 2021;Luft, 2014). The FRN component is a negative deflection captured in the frontocentral electrodes in between 200 to 350 ms post feedback presentation (Constantino et al, 2021). The FRN presents more negative amplitudes for negative (e.g., loss) feedbacks when compared with positive feedbacks (e.g., win) (Gehring & Willoughby, 2002;Glazer et al, 2018;Nieuwenhuis et al, 2005;Sambrook & Goslin, 2015), is considered an early index of reward outcome evaluation, and seems to be modulated by the affective impact of an event (e.g., Boksem & De Cremer, 2010).…”

“…The FRN presents more negative amplitudes for negative (e.g., loss) feedbacks when compared with positive feedbacks (e.g., win) (Gehring & Willoughby, 2002;Glazer et al, 2018;Nieuwenhuis et al, 2005;Sambrook & Goslin, 2015), is considered an early index of reward outcome evaluation, and seems to be modulated by the affective impact of an event (e.g., Boksem & De Cremer, 2010). The P3b component is a positive deflection captured in the centroparietal electrodes in between 300 to 600 ms post feedback presentation (e.g., Constantino et al, 2021). The P3b is modulated by reward magnitude, valence, and probability of an outcome (Hajcak et al, 2005;Mei et al, 2018).…”