Neural processing of odor-associated words: an fMRI study in patients with acquired olfactory loss

Han, Pengfei; Raue, Claudia; Bensafi, Moustafa; Larsson, Maria; Cavazzana, Annachiara; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00062-2

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…We chose the words with higher olfactory association as reported by Han et al 13 . Briefly, 50 words with olfactory association and 50 words with little or no olfactory association were screened and rated by experts (PH, TH, JA, IC).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through a pilot study, 18 normosmics were asked to rate the randomly presented OW and CW words for the degree of olfactory association using a numerical scale ranging from 0 to 5. Combining with the ratings from expert selection, CW had a mean score of 0.4 (SD 0.3) whereas OW had a mean rating score of 3.2 [(SD 0.9); t (17) = 13.5, p < 0.001] 13 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Flohr et al 12 found that patients with acquired smell loss are unable to vividly image odors with a given odor-associated cue, and exhibited enhanced brain activation in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and the precuneus regions mainly involved in working memory. Using blocks of words with strong olfactory associations, Han et al 13 investigated the reading of odor related words among a group of patients with acquired olfactory loss. Specifically, during the word priming, patients had increased activation of the lexical-semantic related areas during expectation of words with olfactory association.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neural processing of olfactory-related words in subjects with congenital and acquired olfactory dysfunction

Joshi

Han

Faria

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Olfactory loss can be acquired (patients with a history of olfactory experiences), or inborn (patients without olfactory experiences/life-long inability to smell). Inborn olfactory loss, or congenital anosmia (CA), is relatively rare and there is a knowledge gap regarding the compensatory neural mechanisms involved in this condition. The study aimed to investigate the top-down olfactory processing in patients with cA or idiopathic acquired anosmia (iA) in comparison to normosmia controls (nc) during expectancy and reading of odor-associated words. functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess brain activations in 14 patients with CA, 8 patients with IA, and 16 NC healthy participants during an expectancy and reading task. Words with strong olfactory associations (oW) (e.g. "banana") or with little or no olfactory associations (cW) (e.g. "chair") were used as stimuli and were presented with a block design Analyses were conducted to explore the brain activation in response to OW expectancy or OW reading between groups (CW as baseline). During the expectancy condition of OW, IA and NC groups showed stronger activation in posterior OFC extending to right insula, caudate region and frontal medial OFC respectively. Whereas during the reading condition of OW, CA patients showed stronger activation in posterior OFC extending to the insula. Increased activation of higherorder brain regions related to multisensory integration among cA patients suggests a compensatory mechanism for processing semantic olfactory cues.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural processing of olfactory-related words in subjects with congenital and acquired olfactory dysfunction

Joshi

Han

Faria

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…A recent study examined German odour-related words in individuals with olfactory loss, as well as controls, and also found no activation of primary olfactory areas-even though participants were instructed to prepare for the presentation of "words with smell" (i.e., attention was directed to the olfactory dimension; Han et al, 2019). In addition, although activation of language-related brain areas differed between groups during word expectation, no differences were observed during odour-word presentation.…”

Section: Olfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For odour-related language, which appears to be absent of odour simulation (Han et al, 2019;Pomp et al, 2018;Speed & Majid, 2018a), representations of word meaning may rely more strongly on simulation in vision to help scaffold meaning. Support for this idea comes from modality ratings, where vision is the second strongest associated modality with odour-dominant words (Speed & Majid, 2017a).…”

Section: Crossmodal Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grounding language in the neglected senses of touch, taste, and smell

Speed

Majid

2019

Cognitive Neuropsychology

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Grounded theories hold sensorimotor activation is critical to language processing. Such theories have focused predominantly on the dominant senses of sight and hearing. Relatively fewer studies have assessed mental simulation within touch, taste, and smell, even though they are critically implicated in communication for important domains, such as health and wellbeing. We review work that sheds light on whether perceptual activation from lesser studied modalities contribute to meaning in language. We critically evaluate data from behavioural, imaging, and cross-cultural studies. We conclude that evidence for sensorimotor simulation in touch, taste, and smell is weak. Comprehending language related to these senses may instead rely on simulation of emotion, as well as crossmodal simulation of the "higher" senses of vision and audition. Overall, the data suggest the need for a refinement of embodiment theories, as not all sensory modalities provide equally strong evidence for mental simulation.

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