Neural response of mechanoreceptors to acute inflammation in the rotator cuff of the shoulder joint in rabbits

Why does my shoulder hurt? A review of the neuroanatomical and biochemical basis of shoulder pain

“…This can be explained by mechanosensitivity changing as a result of any form of peri-articular inflammation with the majority of nociceptive fibres (C and δ) showing increased mechanosensitivity; indeed a large proportion of HTM are sensitised such that they respond to movements in the working range. This has been confirmed in the shoulder by Yamashita et al 71 who showed that inflammation peripherally sensitised both low-threshold and high-threshold mechanoreceptors in a rabbit model. The classical inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin, the prostaglandins and 5-HT3 excite joint afferents and sensitise them to mechanical stimulation.…”

The basis for spinal manipulation: Chiropractic perspective of indications and theory

“…They reported nociceptive afferent distributions in lumbar facets, anterior portion of lumbar intervertebral discs, and the sacroiliac joints as 36%, 100%, and 97% respectively. These investigators concluded that mechanosensitive afferents in the anterior aspect of intervertebral discs and the sacroiliac joints are primarily nociceptors, while mechanosensitive afferents in the lumbar facet joints have both nociceptive and proprioceptive roles Takebayashi et al, 1997;Yamashita et al, 1999). They suggested that the lower distribution of proprioceptors in the sacroiliac joints and intervertebral discs may reflect the lower mobility of these joints.…”

Contributions of the different rabbit models to our understanding of rotator cuff pathology

“…Specifically, investigators have detached the rotator cuff tendon and analyzed muscle atrophy, twitch tension, fatigue index, and discharge of the mechanosensitive afferent units. 2,7,8,33 Bjorkenheim 2 removed the tendinous portion of the supraspinatus in 12 rabbits to simulate a major rotator cuff tear. He evaluated the contractile properties and degree of atrophy of the muscle at different time points after tendon injury and determined that the changes in contractile response and development of atrophy were significant.…”