Neural stem cells for Parkinson's disease: To protect and repair

Sanberg, Paul R.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0704704104

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, the study of the molecular, cellular, and developmental biology of stem cells is a very powerful approach to understanding the organisation and function of complex tissues and organs, such as the brain. The possibility that neural stem cells (NSCs) could be used to regenerate the brain gives their investigation extreme importance from a clinical perspective for treatment of diseases like Parkinson's [Sanberg, 2007]. Moreover, the hypothesis that errant growth of NSCs could give rise to brain tumors [Singh et al, 2004;Sanai et al, 2005; for reviews see Fomchenko and Holland, 2006;Galderisi et al, 2006] makes it even more compelling to investigate the biology of these cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

The culture of neural stem cells

Ahmed

2008

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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A stem cell has three important features. Firstly, the ability of self-renewal: making identical copies of itself. Secondly, multipotency, generating all the major cell lineages of the host tissue (in the case of embryonic stem cells-pluripotency). Thirdly, the ability to generate/ regenerate tissues. Thus, the study of stem cells will help unravel the complexity of tissue development and organisation, and will also have important clinical applications. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are present during embryonic development and in certain regions of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Mobilizing adult NSCs to promote repair of injured or diseased CNS is a promising approach. Since NSCs may give rise to brain tumor, they represent in vitro models for anti-cancer drug screening. To facilitate the use of NSCs in clinical scenarios, we need to explore the biology of these cells in greater details. One clear goal is to be able to definitively identify and purify NSCs. The neurosphereforming assay is robust and reflects the behavior of NSCs. Clonal analysis where single cells give rise to neurospheres need to be used to follow the self-renewal and multipotency characteristics of NSCs. Neurosphere formation in combination with other markers of NSC behavior such as active Notch signaling represents the state of the art to follow these cells. Many issues connected with NSC biology need to be explored to provide a platform for clinical applications. Important future directions that are highlighted in this review are; identification of markers for NSCs, the use of NSCs in high-throughput screens and the modelling of the central nervous development. There is no doubt that the study of NSCs is crucial if we are to tackle the diseases of the CNS such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

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confidence: 99%

The culture of neural stem cells

Ahmed

2008

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…They play essential roles in repairing and maintaining normal CNS cells. Besides, tissue engineering by normal NSCs transplantation also enables the clinical therapeutic applications for CNS regressive diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease and other CNS disorders (Storch and Schwarz, 2002;Lee et al, 2005;Oliveira and Hodges, 2005;Sanberg, 2007;Tang et al, 2008;Moghadam et al, 2009;Zhongling et al, 2009;Makri et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System approaches reveal the molecular networks involved in neural stem cell differentiation

Wang

et al. 2012

Protein Cell

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The self-renewal and multipotent potentials in neural stem cells (NSCs) maintain the normal physiological functions of central nervous system (CNS). The abnormal differentiation of NSCs would lead to CNS disorders. However, the mechanisms of how NSCs differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (OLs) and neurons are still unclear, which is mainly due to the complexity of differentiation processes and the limitation of the cell separation method. In this study, we modeled the dynamics of neural cell interactions in a systemic approach by mining the high-throughput genomic and proteomic data, and identified 8615 genes that are involved in various biological processes and functions with significant changes during the differentiation processes. A total of 1559 genes are specifically expressed in neural cells, in which 242 genes are NSC specific, 215 are astrocyte specific, 551 are OL specific, and 563 are neuron specific. In addition, we proposed 57 transcriptional regulators specifically expressed in NSCs may play essential roles in the development courses. These findings provide more comprehensive analysis for better understanding the endogenous mechanisms of NSC fate determination.

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“…Transplantation of exogenous or induction of endogenous stem cells best describes stem cell-based regenerative medicine [1,2]. Age-related disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and osteoporosis, have been largely targeted by stem cell therapies because of laboratory and clinical observations demonstrating that aging or diseased organs (e.g., brain, heart, bone) exhibit a reduced capacity of endogenous stem cells to maintain a homeostasis in cell genesis and function [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age-related disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and osteoporosis, have been largely targeted by stem cell therapies because of laboratory and clinical observations demonstrating that aging or diseased organs (e.g., brain, heart, bone) exhibit a reduced capacity of endogenous stem cells to maintain a homeostasis in cell genesis and function [1][2][3]. Recent trends show a shift in stem cell disease candidates to neonatal disorders, primarily due to the notion that the young organ displays robust plasticity thereby actively participating in the recovery process, but also is immune tolerant to exogenous stem cell transplants [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%