Neural substrates of purely endogenous, self-regulatory control of attention

Han, Suk Won; Shin, Hyunji; Jeong, Da‐Hee; Jung, Shinyoung; Bae, Eunhee; Kim, Joo Yeon; Baek, Hyeon‐Man; Kim, Kyoheon

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19508-6

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is now thought that attention is not a unitary process but involves two distinct neuronal systems. The ventral network implements exogenous (stimulus-driven) attention, while the dorsal parieto-frontal network [ 121 ] and anterior insula network implement endogenous (self-directed, volitional, goal-directed) control. The systems converge in the lateral prefrontal area [ 122 ].…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Understanding Capacity and Information Dynamics in the Human Brain

Yufik¹

2019

Entropy

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This article proposes a theory of neuronal processes underlying cognition, focusing on the mechanisms of understanding in the human brain. Understanding is a product of mental modeling. The paper argues that mental modeling is a form of information production inside the neuronal system extending the reach of human cognition “beyond the information given” (Bruner, J.S., Beyond the Information Given, 1973). Mental modeling enables forms of learning and prediction (learning with understanding and prediction via explanation) that are unique to humans, allowing robust performance under unfamiliar conditions having no precedents in the past history. The proposed theory centers on the notions of self-organization and emergent properties of collective behavior in the neuronal substrate. The theory motivates new approaches in the design of intelligent artifacts (machine understanding) that are complementary to those underlying the technology of machine learning.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Understanding Capacity and Information Dynamics in the Human Brain

Yufik¹

2019

Entropy

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“…In alerting tasks, endogenous and exogenous attention interact, and there is an increase both in global perceptual sensitivity and in the perception of exogenous spatial cues. Recently, Han and coworkers [9] showed that anterior insula (AI) is the key structure in endogenously reorienting of attention after reflexive attention is captured by a salient distractor. In tasks in which the participants know that a target will appear after a cue, brain responses will be optimized, and endogenous attention will be deployed [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to exogenous spatial cues, vigilance tasks induce changes in endogenous and exogenous attention interactions and perceptual sensitivity. The sensitivity is reduced when stimulus onset is predicted, because an exogenous cue and the prediction time prepare participants to take over next stimulus [9]. Neurocognitive attentional processes related to the environmental input generate brain waves and electrical potentials with specific frequencies and amplitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalogram (EEG) Alpha Power as a Marker of Visuospatial Attention Orienting and Suppression in Normoxia and Hypoxia. An Exploratory Study

2020

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While electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha desynchronization has been related to anticipatory orienting of visuospatial attention, an increase in alpha power has been associated to its inhibition. A separate line of findings indicated that alpha is affected by a deficient oxygenation of the brain or hypoxia, although leaving unclear whether the latter increases or decreases alpha synchronization. Here, we carried out an exploratory study on these issues by monitoring attention alerting, orienting, and control networks functionality by means of EEG recorded both in normoxia and hypoxia in college students engaged in four attentional cue-target conditions induced by a redesigned Attention Network Test. Alpha power was computed through Fast Fourier Transform. Regardless of brain oxygenation condition, alpha desynchronization was the highest during exogenous, uncued orienting of spatial attention, the lowest during alerting but spatially unpredictable, cued exogenous orienting of attention, and of intermediate level during validly cued endogenous orienting of attention, no matter the motor response workload demanded by the latter, especially over the left hemisphere. Hypoxia induced an increase in alpha power over the right-sided occipital and parietal scalp areas independent of attention cueing and conflict conditions. All in all, these findings prove that attention orienting is undergirded by alpha desynchronization and that alpha right-sided synchronization in hypoxia might sub-serve either the effort to sustain attention over time or an overall suppression of attention networks functionality.

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“…Herein, our study will focus on a specific network including three brain regions: anterior insula (AI), DLPFC, and ACC, known to control attention during cognitively demanding tasks (Cauda et al, 2011). Anterior insula has been demonstrated to intervene in the arousal regulation during alertness tasks (Craig, 2002;Critchley, Melmed, Featherstone, Mathias, & Dolan, 2002); it has been associated with a bottom-up capture of focal attention particularly during exogenous attention (Han et al, 2018). More specifically, AI feeds the ACC with the necessary information, which in turn spreads out these signals to the cortical regions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temporal Deployment of Attention by Mental Training: an fMRI Study

Daly

Thai

Belkhiria

et al. 2020

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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In this study, we employed a visuo-motor imagery task of alertness as a mental training to examine temporal processing of motor responses within healthy young adults. Participants were divided into two groups (group 1; n = 20 who performed the mental training before the real physical task and a control group who performed the physical task without mental training). We vary the time interval between the imperative stimulus and the preceding one (fore-period) in which temporal preparation and arousal increase briefly. Our behavioural results provide clear evidence that mental training reinforces both temporal preparation and arousal, by shortening reaction time (RT), especially for the shortest fore-periods (FP) within exogenous "FP 250 ms" (p = 0.008) and endogenous alertness "FP 650 ms" (p = 0.001). We investigated how the brain controls such small temporal changes. We focus our neural hypothesis on three brain regions: anterior insula, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex and three putative circuits: one top-down (from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to anterior cingulate cortex) and two bottom-up (from anterior insula to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex). In fMRI, effective connectivity is strengthened during exogenous alertness between anterior insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (p = 0.001), between anterior insula and cingulate cortex (p = 0.01), and during endogenous alertness between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (p = 0.05). We suggest that attentional reinforcement induced by an intensive and short session of mental training induces a temporal deployment of attention and allow optimizing the time pressure by maintaining a high state of arousal and ameliorating temporal preparation. Keywords Attention . Arousal . Mental training . Time pressure . Connectivity Accurate timing of future events is a fundamental ability that we routinely apply in various activities that our environment

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Neural substrates of purely endogenous, self-regulatory control of attention

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

The Understanding Capacity and Information Dynamics in the Human Brain

The Understanding Capacity and Information Dynamics in the Human Brain

Electroencephalogram (EEG) Alpha Power as a Marker of Visuospatial Attention Orienting and Suppression in Normoxia and Hypoxia. An Exploratory Study

Temporal Deployment of Attention by Mental Training: an fMRI Study

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