Neural Tube Defect: Epidemiologic and Demographic Implication

Kumari, Dr.B.Shanta; Panda, Rajalaxmi; Rath, Sadananda

doi:10.9790/0853-13190104

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Anencephalic newborns are rarely live births. Spina bifida was mostly identified in the lumbar region in our study, which is comparable with the report in India, suggesting that the lumbar region is most prone to spina bifida [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

High burden of neural tube defects in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Hospital-based study

et al. 2018

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IntroductionNeural tube defects are the major causes of fetal loss and considerable disabilities in infants. Currently, there is no significant research on the incidence of Neural tube defects in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and clinical pattern of the Neural Tube Defects.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to June 2017. All pregnancy outcomes were examined for any externally visible birth defects and neurological integrity by trained midwives under the supervision of senior obstetrics and gynecology and a neurosurgeon. Data were collected using a survey tool to collect maternal and newborn demographic data and a checklist developed to capture newborns with Neural Tube Defects. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The prevalence of NTDs was calculated per 10,000 births.ResultOut of the 14,903 births during the study period, a total of 195 infants were born afflicted with Neural Tube Defects. The burden of infants with anencephaly and spina bifida was 66.4 and 64.4 per 10, 000 births, respectively. The overall incidence rate of NTDs in this study was 131 per 10, 000 births of which 23% were liveborn and 77% were stillborn. The highest burden of Neural Tube Defects was observed in Adigrat Hospital from Eastern Zone of Tigray (174 per 10,000 births) and Lemlem Karl Hospital from Southern Zone of Tigray (304 per 10,000 births) compared to Kahsay Abera Hospital from Western Zone (72.8 per 10,000 births) and Sihul Hospital from North Western Zone of Tigray (69.8 per 10,000 births).Conclusion and recommendationAssuming that the non folic acid preventable rate should be 5 per 10,000 births, our prevalence rate is 131 per 10,000 births, and then we have a rate or an epidemic that is 26 times what it should be. This just emphasizes the urgency to implement effective programs to get all women of reproductive age to have adequate folic acid to prevent all of folic acid-preventable spina bifida and anencephaly, which would prevent 96% (125/130) of spina bifida and anencephaly in the Tigray Provence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

High burden of neural tube defects in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Hospital-based study

et al. 2018

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“…Birth defects are major causes of mortalities before five years of age and Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common major birth defects next to congenital heart diseases [ 11 ]. In this study, the total prevalence for all types of NTDs was found to be 10.9 per 1000 pregnancies, which is six times more prevalent than the study done in six countries by World Health Organization (WHO) 1.67/1000 [ 5 ], and three times more prevalent than a study done in Sudan 3.48/1000 [ 12 ], and 1.8 times more prevalent than a study done in three teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa 6.1/1000 [ 13 ]. But this prevalence was less than the prevalence of NTDs in Tigray region 13.8/1000 [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Prevalence of neural tube defects at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North Shewa, Ethiopia. A hospital based retrospective cross-section study

Kindie

Mulu

2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Neural tube defect (NTD) is a structural defect of the central nervous system of the developing embryo during the first month of developmental process. Most congenital malformations are potentially preventable cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, around 10% of infant mortalities are due to nervous system defects. In Ethiopia there are limited published data regarding the prevalence and established preventive strategy of NTDs. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of NTDs among pregnancy outcomes in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital (DBRH), Ethiopia. Methods Hospital based retrospective cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted on registration of all pregnancy outcomes from August 30, 2017 to August 30, 2019 at DBRH, Ethiopia. The collected data were checked for completeness and consistencies, and cleaned, coded and entered using Epi data version 4.2 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20 for analysis. Variables were interpreted per 1000 pregnancies and those variables having p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The total prevalence of NTDs was 10.9 (95% CI 8.9 to 13.3) per 1000 pregnancies and the prevalence of each NTD type was anencephaly 5.6 (95% CI 4.2 to 7.4) per 1000 pregnancies, spina bifida 3.5 (95% CI 2.4 to 4.9) per 1000 pregnancies, encephalocele 1.1 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.0) per 1000 pregnancies, and both spina bifida and anencephaly 0.7(95% CI 0.3 to 1.4) per 1000 pregnancies. Among livebirths, aborted, stillbirths and medically terminated pregnancies (n = 8862), there were 50 anencephaly cases, 31 spina bifida cases, 10 encephalocele cases, and 6 cases affected by both spina bifida and anencephaly. Conclusion The prevalence of NTDs in this study was among the highest globally reported. The total prevalence was 10.9 per 1000 pregnancies. Increased periconceptional folic acid use, counseling for women with certain medical illnesses at higher risk for NTDs, and early maternal screening for genetic factors are possible approaches to reduce in NTDs in the population.

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“…Despite that birth defects are major cause of mortalities before ve years of age and neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common major birth defects next to congenital heart diseases, adequate surveillance data are needed to develop effective prevention strategies (16). This study revealed that maternal age, < 20 (OR = 3.09, CI = 0.95-10.08, p = 0.046), maternal age 31-35 (OR = 0.53, CI = 0.16-1.7, p = 0.028) were strongly associated to risk of NTDs, but it had age differences study done in Genoa showed that maternal age < 25 years (OR = 3.36) and > 35 years; (OR = 5.21) Italy(17) and Tigray region > 35 years (OR = 2.5, p = 0.0004)(4). Possible correlation can be established between pregnancy at lower age groups < 20 and NTDs risks, this might be due to low socioeconomic status, low educational level, lack of knowledge regarding potential risk factors and preventive measures.…”

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confidence: 97%

Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Neural Tube Defect at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North Shewa, Ethiopia. A Hospital Based Case Control Study

Mulu

Bezabh

Kindie

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: - Birth defects are congenital anomalies that are present at birth of the neonate, and can be structural, functional, or metabolic. Structural birth defects are those that affect the development of body part. Failure of the neural tube to close at different regions result in positional variations of neural tube defects (NTDs). It is caused through multifactorial disorders, arising from a complex combination of genetic determinants and environmental factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the maternal risk factor associated with NTDs among pregnant outcome in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North Shewa, Ethiopia.Methods: - Hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted among 50 cases and 100 controls for associated risk factors of NTDs. The study was carried out at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital from August 30/2017 to August 30/2019. The data was checked for completeness and consistencies, and cleaned, coded and entered using Epi data version 4.2 and was exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20 for analysis. Variables having p<0.05 was consider as statistically significant.Results: - In this study 50 cases and 100 controls were employed. Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age, <20 (p=0.046), maternal age 31-35 (p=0.028), no education (p=0.014), family history of NTDs (p=0.034), history of multiparous (p=0.002), history of abortion (p=0.024) and still birth (p=0.009), No ANC follow up, unplanned pregnancy (p=0.000), history of medical illness (p=0.001), hyperthermia (p=0.000), used antipyretics drugs (p=0.002), Never use of folic acid and oral contraceptive use (p=0.001), exposure to smoking (p=0.001) and pesticides (p=0.000), and use of local alcohol (p=0.000) had significant association with NTDs.Conclusions: - Family history of NTDs, coffee and alcohol consumption, maternal no education, maternal hyperthermia and disease, maternal antipyretic use, maternal age <20 and 31-35, exposure to pesticides and smoking were associated with the increasing the risk of NTDs. Comprehensive preventive strategies focused on the identified risk factors should be established and early preconceptional maternal screening for genetic factors and medical illness as well as preconceptional folic acid supplementation are the effective possible approaches to bring about the required reduction in NTDs.

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Neural Tube Defect: Epidemiologic and Demographic Implication

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

High burden of neural tube defects in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Hospital-based study

High burden of neural tube defects in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Hospital-based study

Prevalence of neural tube defects at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North Shewa, Ethiopia. A hospital based retrospective cross-section study

Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Neural Tube Defect at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North Shewa, Ethiopia. A Hospital Based Case Control Study

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