Neural Tube Defects in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia

Asindi, Asindi; Alshehri, A. M.

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2001.26

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In concordance with our study Asindi and Al-Shehri[22] in their study in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia found that consanguinity rates were not high among parents of newborns with NTD than in the general population. In some studies, higher NTD rates have been found where the parents are related Little and Elwood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Epidemiology of the neural tube defects in Kashmir Valley

et al. 2016

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Introduction/Background:Neural tube defects (NTD) are the most common congenital malformations affecting the brain and spinal cord and have a multifactorial etiology. Genetic and environmental factors have been found to cause these defects, both individually and in combination.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, types, demographics, risk factors, and other associated anomalies relevant to NTDs in Kashmir Valley.Materials and Methods:A 2-year hospital-based prospective study was carried out from November 2013 to October 2015. A detailed history of the mother was taken along with detailed clinical examination of neonate including measurement of head circumference and checking the status of fontanella, whether - lax/full/bulging/or tense, type of NTD. Investigations that were done included were X-ray skull: Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral, X-ray spine: AP and lateral, ultrasonography abdomen, magnetic resonance imaging: Spine and brain.Results:The total number of babies with NTD's was 125 with an overall incidence of 0.503. District Kupwara was having the highest incidence (1.047) and district Srinagar the lowest incidence of NTD's (0.197). The majority of NTD's (116 cases, 92.8%) were found in the rural areas. Among the different types of NTD's, spina bifida had an incidence of 0.342 (85 cases, 68%), and anencephaly had an incidence of 0.113 (28 cases, 22.4%). There was a slight preponderance of females over males with NTD's. There were70 females (56%) and 55 males (44%) respectively with a male:female ratio of 0.8:1.Conclusions:The incidence rates of NTDs are very high for Kashmir Valley. Geographical distribution of NTDs at this place confirms a relationship between the socioeconomic status, educational status, maternal age and environmental factors for the development of an NTD. The results of this study point to the importance establishing a health policy to prevent NTDs in Kashmir Valley.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Epidemiology of the neural tube defects in Kashmir Valley

et al. 2016

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“…23,27 Occipital lesions account for 66%-95% of ECs in North America, Western Europe, and the Middle East. 5,7,11,19,23,25,27 Sincipital lesions predominate in Thailand, Malaysia, Burma, Cambodia, the Philippines, and the Pacific Islands, 3,4,8,16,20,22,27,28 comprising 20 of 21 EC cases in one report. 3 Monteith and coauthors 16 reported ethnic distinctions in New Zealand, with patients of Pacific Island descent having a much higher incidence of sincipital lesions (44%) than those of European origin.…”

Section: Encephalocele Location and Ethnic Predispositionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Encephalocele in Uganda: ethnic distinctions in lesion location, endoscopic management of hydrocephalus, and survival in 110 consecutive children

Warf

Stagno

Mugamba

2011

PED

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Object This study characterizes the first clinical series of encephalocele (EC) from East or Central Africa, and is the largest reported from the African continent. The authors explored survival, the efficacy of primary endoscopic management of associated hydrocephalus, and ethnic differences in EC location. Methods One hundred ten consecutive children presented to CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda for treatment of EC over a 9-year period. Clinical data, including patient demographic information, birth date, lesion type (sincipital, parietal, or occipital), operative data, and subsequent course had been entered prospectively into a clinical database. Home visits to update the status of those lost to follow-up were done when possible. With appropriate institutional approvals, the database was reviewed for this retrospective study. Two-tailed probability values calculated using the Fisher exact test were used to assess the significance of differences among groups, with p < 0.05 being considered significant. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for analysis of survival and treatment success probabilities. Results There were 53 (48%) occipital, 33 (30%) sincipital, and 24 (22%) parietal lesions. Occipital lesions were significantly more common among children of Bantu origin (p = 0.02). Nilotes demonstrated a roughly equal distribution among sincipital, parietal, and occipital locations. The female/male ratio was 1.2, with no difference between EC types (range 1.0–1.4, p = 0.6–0.8). Of 110 patients, 108 (98%) underwent surgical repair at a median age of 1 month (mean 15.7 months), whereas 2 had treatment for hydrocephalus only. Wound revision was required in 13% of cases. Surgery-related mortality was 3%. One-year and 5-year survival rates were 87% (95% CI 0.79–0.93) and 61% (95% CI 0.51–0.70), respectively. Hydrocephalus required treatment in 32%, and was equally common among the 3 EC types. Thirteen patients were treated with combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy/choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) and 2 with ETV alone, whereas 18 patients received primary shunt placement. Predicted treatment success at 1 year was 79% for ETV or ETV/CPC (95% CI 0.50–0.94) and 47% for shunt placement (95% CI 0.24–0.71). Conclusions Analysis of this first EC series from this region suggests that sincipital lesions are 3 times more common in East than in West Africa. Occipital lesions predominate in patients of Bantu origin, but not among those of Nilotic descent. Hydrocephalus incidence was equally common among different EC types, and endoscopic treatment was more successful (79%) than shunting (47%) at 1 year. The 5-year mortality rate was similar to that for infants with myelomeningocele in Uganda, and more than twice that for their unaffected peers.

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“…Further studies involved examining the different polymorphisms of genes related to folate metabolism. [23] NTDs are the second most common severely disabling human congenital defects. Worldwide, NTDs incidence is approximately one per 1000 live births and varies between 0.78 and 12 per 1000 births in general populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural tube defects between folate metabolism and genetics

Alfarra¹,

Alfarra²,

Sadiq³

2011

Indian J Hum Genet

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Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common severely disabling human congenital defects. Worldwide, NTDs incidence is approximately one per 1000 live births and varies between 0.78 and 12 per 1000 births in general populations. NTDs causation involves multiple genes, nutritional and environmental factors. Research in the next stage should include bigger populations and bigger studies that would be suitable to detect significant links and conclusions with relatively minor risk factors; analysis of multiple candidate genes to detect potential gene-gene interactions; detailed analysis of patient samples stratified by phenotype.

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Neural Tube Defects in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

Epidemiology of the neural tube defects in Kashmir Valley

Epidemiology of the neural tube defects in Kashmir Valley

Encephalocele in Uganda: ethnic distinctions in lesion location, endoscopic management of hydrocephalus, and survival in 110 consecutive children

Neural tube defects between folate metabolism and genetics

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