Background-Deficient cardiac neuregulin/ErbB signaling increases susceptibility to heart failure. In this study, we examined the effects of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) on myocardial contractility. Methods and Results-NRG-1 (␣ and  isoforms) induced a negative inotropic effect in isolated rabbit papillary muscles and a rightward shift of the dose-response curve to isoproterenol. Both effects were attenuated by L-NMMA, which suggests a role for NO synthase. In cultured rat cardiomyocytes, NRG-1 enhanced nitrite production and resulted in phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase and the serine/threonine kinase Akt. Conclusions-NRG-1 has negative inotropic effects that are preserved during -adrenergic stimulation and activates endothelial NO synthase in cardiomyocytes. Key Words: neuregulin Ⅲ nitric oxide synthase Ⅲ endothelium Ⅲ contractility Ⅲ heart failure M onoclonal antibodies against the neuregulin (NRG) receptor ErbB2 (Trastuzumab), used in the treatment of breast cancer, may induce dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. 1 From this observation, it was hypothesized that the NRG/ErbB pathway may participate in the pathogenesis of heart failure.In the fetal heart, NRG-1 has been detected in endothelial cells, whereas ErbB2 and ErbB4 receptors are expressed throughout the myocardium. Targeted mutagenesis of NRG-1, ErbB2, or ErbB4 results in embryonic lethality due to failure of myocardial trabeculation. 2,3 The ErbB3 receptor is present in endocardial cushion mesenchyme, and ErbB3-deficient mice exhibit cardiac cushion abnormalities. 4 In the adult heart, ErbB2 and ErbB4 are found in the T-tubule system of cardiomyocytes, whereas NRG-1 is expressed in endocardial and microvascular endothelial cells. 2 Conditional mutation of cardiac ErbB2 leads to dilated cardiomyopathy, which suggests a role for the NRG/ ErbB pathway in heart failure. 5 Experimental studies have shown that NRG-1 promotes survival and hypertrophic growth of adult cardiac myocytes in vitro. 2,6 In the present study, we characterized the direct effects of NRG-1 on contractility of adult cardiac muscle and the possible contribution of the Akt-NO synthase (NOS) pathway in these effects.
Methods
Mechanical PerformanceIsometric contractions were recorded from papillary muscles isolated from the right ventricle of New Zealand White rabbits with an electromagnetic length-force transducer as described previously. 7,8 After determination of the length at which peak twitch active tension is maximal (L max ), stabilized muscles were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment protocols: (1) muscles kept in baseline conditions (control group), (2) muscles in which NRG-1␣2 epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain (500 ng/mL or 71 nmol/L, Sigma; hereafter referred to as NRG-1␣) or NRG-11 EGF domain (100 ng/mL or 13 nmol/L, Sigma; hereafter referred to as NRG-1) was added at time zero, or (3) muscles exposed to indomethacin (10 mol/L, Merck Sharp & Dohme), L-NMMA (N G -methyl-L-arginine, acetate salt, 50 mol/L, Sigma), or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor ge...