Neuro-COVID-19: an insidious virus in action

Bratosiewicz-Wąsik, Jolanta

doi:10.5603/pjnns.a2021.0072

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…It has been confirmed that the coronavirus can penetrate different areas of the nervous system. Several mechanisms and routes to cross the BBB and spread within the CNS have been proposed, including virus affinity to ACE2 [14,28,29]. Some of these hypotheses assume that SARS-CoV-2 travels along the olfactory or trigeminal route [30], similarly to some neurotropic variants of the influenza virus [31].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Tissue Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-related headache and innate immune response — a narrative review

Straburzyński

Kuca-Warnawin

Waliszewska‐Prosół

2023

Neurol Neurochir Pol.

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Headache is one of the most prevalent, although often underreported, symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 . It is generally accepted that this symptom is a form of secondary headache due to systemic viral infection. There are several hypotheses that try to explain its aetiopathogenesis. One of the most compelling is related to innate immune response to viral infection. This rationale is supported by similarities to other viral infections and the temporal overlap between immunological reactions and headache. Moreover, several key factors in innate immunity have been shown to facilitate headache e.g. interferons, interleukin (IL) -1-β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor. There is also a possibility that the virus causes headache by the direct activation of afferents through pattern recognition receptors (i.e. Toll-like receptor 7). Moreover, some data on post-COVID-19 headache and after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests a similar cytokine-mediated pathomechanism in these clinical situations. Future research should look for evidence of causality between particular immune response factors and headache. Identifying key molecules responsible for headache during acute viral infection would be an important step towards managing one of the most prevalent secondary headache disorders.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Tissue Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-related headache and innate immune response — a narrative review

Straburzyński

Kuca-Warnawin

Waliszewska‐Prosół

2023

Neurol Neurochir Pol.

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“…This study included 35 patients with the mean age of 65.5 ± 13.9 years. Neurological manifestations comorbid with COVID-19 were the reason for admission in the great majority of patients (31/35; 88.6%) and included: altered mental status (18 patients), seizures (eight patients), stroke (3), headache (1), subarachnoid haemorrhage (1), and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (1). Almost all patients (32/35; 91.4%) had at leastone comorbidity.…”

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurological symptoms and signs have been reported in the majority of patients with COVID-19 [1]. While clinical seizures affect only a small proportion of patients, electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities have been reported in 88-96% of cases, with generalised background slowing being the most frequent finding [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of electroencephalographic frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity in patients with moderately severe COVID-19

Bosak

Mazurkiewicz

Wloch-Kopec

et al. 2023

Neurol Neurochir Pol.

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Introduction.The aim of our study was to analyse EEG findings in patients with COVID-19 not requiring respiratory support. Material and methods.We reviewed EEGs performed in patients with COVID-19 between April 2020 and May 2021 at the University Hospital in Kraków, Poland. Demographic and clinical data, including comorbid conditions, discharge disposition, survival, neuroimaging findings, laboratory results, and treatment was collected.Results. The study included 44 EEGs performed in 35 patients (51.4% females), aged 65.5 ± 13.9 years. Almost all patients had at least one comorbidity, and one-third had one or more preexisting neurological conditions. Three quarters of EEGs were abnormal. The most frequent EEG finding was background slowing (16 patients; 45.7%). Frontal findings included frontally predominant rhythmic delta (FIRDA) in 10 (28.6%) patients and focal slowing in the left frontal lobe. Patients with abnormal EEG significantly more often required oxygen supplementation (p = 0.003) and were less likely to recover (p = 0.048). Conclusions and clinical implications.Patients with COVID-19 infection may frequently manifest with an abnormal EEG. FIRDA seems to be a frequent EEG pattern in less severe cases of COVID-19 infection. Future studies are needed to establish whether COVID-19 infection increases the risk for FIRDA, and to investigate its pathogenesis.

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“…Observations to date suggest that most people complain of nervous system disorders. It is estimated that the so-called neuro-COVID affects between 62 and 70% of patients [119][120][121]. One recently published study analysed data from almost 1.2 million patients who contracted the coronavirus between 20 January 2020 and 13 April 2022 [61].…”

Section: Current Challenges and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological consequences of COVID-19

Brola

Wilski²

2022

Pharmacol. Rep

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In December 2019, cases of pneumonia caused by infection with the previously unknown severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), were identified. Typical manifestations of COVID-19 are fever, cough, fatigue and dyspnoea. Initially, it was thought that the mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 was only associated with respiratory tract invasion, but it was later revealed that the infection might involve many other organs and systems, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection include encephalopathy, encephalitis, meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. In cases of peripheral nervous system involvement, smell and taste disorders, myopathy or the signs and symptoms of Guillain‒Barré syndrome are observed. The most common early neurological complications, particularly during the first year of the epidemic, were anosmia and taste disorders, which, according to some studies, occurred in over 80 percent of patients with COVID-19. The proportion of patients with serious neurological manifestations was small compared to the global number of patients, but the numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections and critical patients increased substantially. The experience from 2 years of the pandemic has shown that approximately 13% of infected patients suffer from severe neurological complications. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system is not only a cause of neurological complications in previously healthy individuals but also directly and indirectly affects the courses of many nervous system diseases.

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Neuro-COVID-19: an insidious virus in action

Cited by 19 publications

References 106 publications

COVID-19-related headache and innate immune response — a narrative review

COVID-19-related headache and innate immune response — a narrative review

High prevalence of electroencephalographic frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity in patients with moderately severe COVID-19

Neurological consequences of COVID-19

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