“…Therefore, there were many attempts by researchers to combine the FE and ANN in order to take advantage of the capabilities of both approaches, which would reduce laboratory experimental cost and increase prediction accuracy (Apalak, Ekici, Yildirim, & Apalak, 2014;Bachi, Abdulrazzaq, & He, 2014;Bheemreddy, Chandrashekhara, Dharani, & Hilmas, 2013;Hasançebi & Dumlupınar, 2013;Khalaj Khalajestani & Bahaari;Selvakumar, Arulshri, Padmanaban, & Sasikumar, 2013;Tian, Luo, Wang, & Wu, 2014). From the beginning of its usage until recently, most studies related to the combination of ANN and FE methods in solving engineering problems have used inverse analysis aimed at optimising the FE simulation parameters.…”