Neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities in Tourette's syndrome. Functional and anatomic implications

Frankel,; Cummings, '

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(84)90230-7

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The most common presentation of patients with TS are tics in the form of excessive eye blinks, 15 and some patients with TS have either eye tics or frank blepharospasm which may be unilateral or bilateral. 8,18 A proportion of patients with both blepharospasm/OMD and TS may have abnormal blink reflex recovery cycles. 10,19,20 Because blink reflexes are abnormal in a number of other basal ganglia disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, it has been suggested that there is an important input from the basal ganglia to the pathways subserving the blink reflex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the same genes predispose to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and dystonia? Report of a new family and review of the literature

et al. 1999

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Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) and idiopathic focal torsion dystonia are both movement disorders in which the pathologic process is thought to arise within the basal ganglia. However, despite their possible functional links, they are clinically distinct and are generally considered to have different underlying etiologies. There are several reports in the literature that suggest a relationship between eye winking tics, excessive blinking, and blepharospasm and a report of the coexistence of tics and dystonia. We describe a three‐generation family in which TS and dystonias cosegregate. In total, eight patients were affected, five with dystonia and three with TS/facial tics. One of the patients with historic evidence of dystonia subsequently died of motor neuron disease. The identification of this family further strengthens the evidence in favor of an etiologic relationship between some cases of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and focal dystonia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the same genes predispose to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and dystonia? Report of a new family and review of the literature

et al. 1999

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“…Eye deviations have not been described as a concomitant of levodopa-induced dyskinesias produced in MPTP-induced parkinsonism in monkeys, although this model can be used to study oculomotor disturbances related to dopamine depletion in the basal Conjugate ocular deviations (sometimes termed ' 'oculogyric tics") are common in Tourette's syndrome. 33 Shale and colleagues34 reported a patient who had Tourette's syndrome since childhood and who later developed PD. When levodopa was started, the patient experienced the new onset of gaze and lateral head jerking occurring within 1 hour after each dose of levodopa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugate eye deviations as dyskinesias induced by levodopa in Parkinson's disease

LeWitt

1998

Movement Disorders

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“…They are most frequent in the head, followed by the neck and shoulders . Eye tics and, in particular, blinking are extremely common and have been considered to appear at the first stages of tic emergence in GTS, sometimes constituting the very first tic …”

Section: The Movement Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Eye tics and, in particular, blinking are extremely common and have been considered to appear at the first stages of tic emergence in GTS, sometimes constituting the very first tic. [28][29][30] Tics naturally appear in bouts. 31 They are also suggestible and can be inhibited.…”

Section: The Movement Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Semiology of Tics, Tourette's, and Their Associations

Ganos

Münchau

Bhatia

2014

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a prototypical neuropsychiatric disorder breaking the boundary of disciplinary dualism between neurology and psychiatry. The diagnosis of GTS is clinical and, in most cases, straightforward. Tics as a hallmark of GTS are usually easy to recognize and distinguish from other movement disorders as fragmented, repetitive, exaggerated movements resembling normal motor behavior, but appearing out of context. In complex cases, knowledge on additional characteristics and signs as, for example, tic distribution, suggestibility, voluntary tic inhibition, and presence of echo‐ or paliphenomena might further aid clinical diagnosis. However, although defining GTS, tics are rarely the main issue. The presence of comorbidities and coexisting psychopathologies often hampers normal development and negatively affects quality of life. Their recognition and treatment is paramount. Here, we review existing literature and provide a comprehensive update on the multifarious aspects of the movement disorder and neuropsychiatry of GTS. We also provide a list of associated movement disorders known to occur in GTS patients and discuss differential diagnoses to be considered in atypical cases. We finally comment on available treatment options.

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Neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities in Tourette's syndrome. Functional and anatomic implications

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Do the same genes predispose to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and dystonia? Report of a new family and review of the literature

Do the same genes predispose to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and dystonia? Report of a new family and review of the literature

Conjugate eye deviations as dyskinesias induced by levodopa in Parkinson's disease

The Semiology of Tics, Tourette's, and Their Associations

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