Neuro-Ophthalmologic Hurdles in Whole-Eye Transplantation

Mayorquín-Ruiz, Mariana; Gómez-Villegas, Thamar; Ramírez-Cedillo, Carla Gabriela; Nava-Márquez, Gabriela; Butrón-Gandarillas, Patricia; Quiroz‐Mercado, Hugo; Iglesias-Morales, Martín

doi:10.1007/s40472-021-00312-7

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Some studies mentioned clinical aspects of WET from previously published results on mammalian organisms. 9 , 10 Because these did not provide novel data for assessment, they were excluded. Fourteen articles utilized mammalian and cadaveric models.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings align with the current literature indicating that the CNS is less likely to regenerate even with proper nervous coaptation. 10 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings align with the current literature indicating that the CNS is less likely to regenerate even with proper nervous coaptation. 10 To overcome this inherent regenerative incapacity, researchers have employed peripheral nerve grafting to introduce Schwann and other support cells capable of inducing nerve regeneration. Studies following ON injury found regeneration improved upon coaptation across peripheral nerve grafts.…”

Section: Prs Global Open • 2023mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical Feasibility of Whole-eye Vascular Composite Allotransplantation: A Systematic Review

Laspro

Chaya

Brydges

et al. 2023

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: There are over 43 million individuals in the world who are blind. As retinal ganglion cells are incapable of regeneration, treatment modalities for this condition are limited. Since first incepted in 1885, whole-eye transplantation (WET) has been proposed as the ultimate cure for blindness. As the field evolves, different aspects of the surgery have been individually explored, including allograft viability, retinal survival, and optic nerve regeneration. Due to the paucity in the WET literature, we aimed to systematically review proposed WET surgical techniques to assess surgical feasibility. Additionally, we hope to identify barriers to future clinical application and potential ethical concerns that could be raised with surgery. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from inception to June 10, 2022, to identify articles pertaining to WET. Data collection included model organisms studied, surgical techniques utilized, and postoperative functional outcomes. Results: Our results yielded 33 articles, including 14 mammalian and 19 cold-blooded models. In studies performing microvascular anastomosis in mammals, 96% of allografts survived after surgery. With nervous coaptation, 82.9% of retinas had positive electroretinogram signals after surgery, indicating functional retinal cells after transplantation. Results on optic nerve function were inconclusive. Ocular-motor functionality was rarely addressed. Conclusions: Regarding allograft survival, WET appears feasible with no complications to the recipient recorded in previous literature. Functional restoration is potentially achievable with a demonstrated positive retinal survival in live models. Nevertheless, the potential of optic nerve regeneration remains undetermined.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings align with the current literature indicating that the CNS is less likely to regenerate even with proper nervous coaptation. 10 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prs Global Open • 2023mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Technical Feasibility of Whole-eye Vascular Composite Allotransplantation: A Systematic Review

Laspro

Chaya

Brydges

et al. 2023

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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“…While it has shown promising results in animal models, 58,59 the progress of WET is limited by the immune rejection of the implanted tissue and lack of nerve regeneration. 60 IRR is the regeneration of retinal cells in vivo by introducing bioactive molecules in the intraocular space. These bioactive molecules cause the transition of cells from a post-mitotic stage to a mitotic stage.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WET involves the introduction of a functional eye to replace an affected eye. While it has shown promising results in animal models, 58,59 the progress of WET is limited by the immune rejection of the implanted tissue and lack of nerve regeneration 60 . IRR is the regeneration of retinal cells in vivo by introducing bioactive molecules in the intraocular space.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel vision restoration techniques: 3D bioprinting, gene and stem cell therapy, optogenetics, and the bionic eye

Menon

Vijayavenkataraman

2022

Artificial Organs

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Sight is one of our most dominant senses, the loss of which can often lead to socioeconomic distress and a major deterioration in the quality of life for the affected individual. The field of ophthalmology has come a long way because of its inception with major breakthroughs in the development of contact lenses, cataract surgeries, and LASIK vision correction surgeries. Despite these developments, it is estimated that there are 253 million visually impaired people in the world of which 39 million were considered legally blind. 1 Data confirms that 80% of this 39 million were older than the age of 50. [2][3][4] This overwhelming percentage is indicative of a high number of patients with progressive blinding disorders like age-related macular disorder (AMD), retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), and diabetic retinopathy. There are very few clinically approved treatments for diseases that cause

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Preservation of Murine Whole Eyes With Supplemented UW Cold Storage Solution: Anatomical Considerations

Muench,

Schmitt,

Schlamp

et al. 2024

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis and axon regeneration are the principal obstacles challenging the development of successful whole eye transplantation (WET). The purpose of this study was to create a neuroprotective cocktail that targets early events in the RGC intrinsic apoptotic program to stabilize RGCs in a potential donor eye. Methods University of Wisconsin (UW) solution was augmented with supplements known to protect RGCs. Supplements targeted tyrosine kinase signaling, histone deacetylase activity, K + ion efflux, macroglial stasis, and provided energy support. Modified UW (mUW) solutions with individual supplements were injected into the vitreous of enucleated mouse eyes, which were then stored in cold UW solution for 24 hours. Histopathology, immunostaining of individual retinal cell types, and analysis of cell-specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were used to identify supplements that were combined to create optimal mUW solution. Results UW and mUW solutions reduced ocular edema and focal ischemia in globes stored in cold storage. Two major issues were noted after cold storage, including retinal detachment and reduction in glial fibrillary acidic protein staining in astrocytes. A combination of supplements resolved both these issues and performed better than the individual supplements alone. Cold storage resulted in a reduction in cell-specific mRNAs, even though it preserved the corresponding protein products. Conclusions Eyes treated with optimal mUW solution exhibited preservation of retinal and cellular architecture, but did display a decrease in mRNA levels, suggesting that cold storage induced cellular stasis. Translational Relevance Application of optimal mUW solution lowers an important barrier to the development of a successful whole eye transplantation procedure.

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Neuro-Ophthalmologic Hurdles in Whole-Eye Transplantation

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Technical Feasibility of Whole-eye Vascular Composite Allotransplantation: A Systematic Review

Technical Feasibility of Whole-eye Vascular Composite Allotransplantation: A Systematic Review

Novel vision restoration techniques: 3D bioprinting, gene and stem cell therapy, optogenetics, and the bionic eye

Preservation of Murine Whole Eyes With Supplemented UW Cold Storage Solution: Anatomical Considerations

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