Neuroanatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System

Darby, Sarah

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-07954-9.00010-4

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…The absence of effects on autonomic function observed here is also noteworthy when considering the spatial proximity of our stimulation site (12 th thoracic vertebra) to some of the autonomic outflow pathways. The sympathetic nervous system originates from the T1 to L3 levels of the spinal cord [46,47], with a focus on T1 to T5 for upper limb and cardiac innervation. Modelling studies exploring the E-field of thoracolumbar tsDCS [48][49][50] suggest that such thoracic segments could be affected by our type of tsDCS.…”

Section: Unspecific Effects (Ues) Of Tsdcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing adverse effects and unspecific effects of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS)

Zhao,

Horn,

Freund

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundTranscutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is a relatively recent method for non-invasively modulating neuronal activity in the human spinal cord. Despite its growing prominence, comprehensive studies addressing its potential adverse effects (AEs) and unspecific effects (UEs) are lacking.ObjectiveIn this study, we conducted a systematic investigation into the potential AEs and UEs of tsDCS in healthy volunteers.MethodsWe used a randomized double-blind within-participant design, employing anodal, cathodal and sham tsDCS of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. Our approach involved a newly-developed structured questionnaire (to assess subjectively-reported AEs) in combination with tsDCS-concurrent recording of skin conductance, cardiac and respiratory activity (to assess UEs in bodily state).ResultsThe most frequently participant-reported AEs were sensations of burning, tingling, and itching, although they were largely described as mild; skin redness (experimenter-reported) occurred even more frequently. Importantly, when comparing AEs between active and sham tsDCS via frequentist and Bayesian analysis approaches, the results were largely in favour of no difference between conditions (with the exception of skin redness). A similar picture emerged for most UE metrics, suggesting that tsDCS does not induce changes in bodily state, at least as measured by our autonomic nervous system metrics.ConclusionWe believe that the strategy employed here could serve as a starting point for a systematic AE and UE assessment in clinical populations, longitudinal designs and when stimulating different spinal sites. Taken together, our results contribute to assessing the tolerability, safety and specificity of tsDCS, in order to further the investigation of spinal cord function in health and disease.

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Section: Unspecific Effects (Ues) Of Tsdcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing adverse effects and unspecific effects of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS)

Zhao,

Horn,

Freund

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Another set of preganglionic fibres descend through the lumbar splanchnic nerves and synapse with postganglionic neurons at the inferior hypogastric plexus. The third set of preganglionic neurons descend through the sympathetic chain and synapse with postganglionic neurons located in the upper sacral ganglia [1]. The postganglionic sympathetic fibres form a delicate network of pelvic nerves and supplies the pelvic viscera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sympathetic ganglia become progressively smaller and converge with the parallel sympathetic chain at the ganglion impar (often at the level of the first coccyx) conveying sympathetic efferents to and nociceptive afferents from the perineum and terminal urogenital regions [2]. Sympathetic fibres destined for blood vessels in the leg and foot travel with the tibial nerve, and the sympathetic fibres destined for the pudendal and gluteal arteries and their branches travel with the pudendal and gluteal nerves [1]. Parasympathetic fibres originate from the spinal cord S2-S4 segments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These preganglionic fibres travel through the cauda equina, exit at S2-S4 sacral foramina and form pelvic splanchnic nerves. These preganglionic parasympathetic fibres pass through inferior hypogastric plexus and synapses with postganglionic neurons located at the vesical plexus, the bladder wall, the region of the bladder neck, the trigone, the prostate, and the proximal urethra [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Pelvic Neurophysiology Testing in the Assessment of Patients with Voiding Dysfunction

Malladi

Simeoni

Panicker

2020

Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep

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Purpose of Review The role of pelvic neurophysiology testing in the evaluation of patients with lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms is explored in this review. Recent Findings Different neurophysiology tests such as sphincter EMG and pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials are useful in evaluating the sacral somatic afferent and efferent innervation. S2 and S3 dermatomal evoked potentials assess individual sacral roots and are feasible to perform using standard neurophysiology machines. Summary The innervation of the LUT has a substantial contribution from splanchnic and somatic nerves arising from the sacral segments. Pelvic neurophysiology tests, which assess somatic nerve functions, are therefore a useful tool in assessing sacral nerve functions in patients presenting with unexplained voiding dysfunction. In this review, the commonly performed neurophysiology studies that assess the S2, S3 and S4 sacral afferent and efferent pathways are outlined, and their clinical applications reviewed.

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2024

Integrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice

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Neuroanatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System

Cited by 9 publications

References 134 publications

Assessing adverse effects and unspecific effects of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS)

Assessing adverse effects and unspecific effects of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS)

The Role of Pelvic Neurophysiology Testing in the Assessment of Patients with Voiding Dysfunction

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