Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS

Singer, Elyse J.; Thames, April D.

doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.08.003

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Moreover, the existing evidence showed that HIV-positive status is directly linked with mental disorders via neuro-biological mechanisms [ 54 ]. HIV-positive status is also indirectly related to mental disorders through stigma and discrimination [ 55 ], particularly among people living with HIV without access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and insufficient or late ART receipt [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and social determinants of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia

Saing

Prem

et al. 2020

Int J Ment Health Syst

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Background People who use drugs are at a disproportionately higher risk of mental disorders due to prolonged exposure to psychosocial challenges. However, studies on mental health among people who use drugs in resource-constrained countries are scarce. This study sheds light on the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia. Methods We conducted this cross-sectional study in the capital city and 11 provinces in 2017. The Respondent Driven Sampling method was adapted to recruit 1677 people who used drugs for face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A total score of GHQ-12 > 2 indicated high psychological distress. We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with psychological distress. Results We included 1598 participants in the analyses, with a mean age of 28.6 years (SD = 7.8). Of the total, 42% had high psychological distress – 50% in women and 37% in men. The adjusted odds of having high psychological distress were significantly higher among participants who were 25–34 years old and 35 years and above, had been to a drug rehabilitation center, had been insulted by family members, and had been sexually harassed/abused by someone when they were growing up. The odds of having high psychological distress were significantly lower among participants who were male, lived in their own dwelling, reported injecting as the mode of the first drug use, and had someone taking care of them when they got sick. Conclusions This study documents a high prevalence of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia. Intervention programs that attempt to address mental health problems among people who use drugs in resource-limited settings should be gender- and age-sensitive and target more marginalized subpopulations. Mental health services can be integrated into HIV and harm-reduction programs for people who use drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and social determinants of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia

Saing

Prem

et al. 2020

Int J Ment Health Syst

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“…This adjustment difficulty—presenting as psychological distress—may occur after receiving HIV positive diagnosis; when HIV symptoms begin to develop; at the start of lifelong antiretroviral medication and also in terminal care. 24 Second, the direct effects of HIV virus on the central nervous system 25 may lead to behavioural changes resulting into symptoms of depression. Third, such psychological disturbance may also be because of HIV-related stigma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive and mental health outcomes and association with quality of life among adults living with HIV: a cross-sectional focus on a low-literacy population from coastal Kenya

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesOur aim was to compare the neurocognitive performance and mental health outcome of adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy with that of community controls, all of low literacy. Furthermore, we also wanted to explore the relationship of these outcomes with quality of life among adults living with HIV.Study designThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in Kilifi County, a region located at the Kenyan coast.ParticipantsThe participants consisted of a consecutive sample of 84 adults living with HIV and 83 randomly selected community controls all with ≤8 years of schooling. All participants were assessed for non-verbal intelligence, verbal working memory and executive functioning. The Major Depression Inventory and a quality of life measure (RAND SF-36) were also administered.ResultsUsing analysis of covariance, we found no statistically significant group differences between adults living with HIV and community controls in all the neurocognitive tests except for a marginal difference in the non-verbal intelligence test (F (1, 158)=3.83, p=0.05). However, depressive scores of adults living with HIV were significantly higher than those of controls (F (1, 158)=11.56, p<0.01). Also, quality of life scores of adults living with HIV were significantly lower than those of controls (F (1, 158)=4.62, p=0.03). For the HIV-infected group, results from multivariable linear regression analysis showed that increasing depressive scores were significantly associated with poorer quality of life (β=−1.17, 95% CI −1.55 to –0.80; p<0.01).ConclusionOur findings suggest that adults of low-literacy levels living with HIV and on antiretroviral medication at the Kenyan coast do not have significant cognitive deficits compared with their uninfected counterparts. However, their mental health, compared with that of HIV-uninfected adults, remains poorer and their quality of life may deteriorate when HIV and depressive symptoms co-occur.

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“…Moreover, the existing evidence showed that HIV-positive status is directly linked with mental disorders via neuro-biological mechanisms [54]. HIV-positive status is also indirectly related to mental disorders through stigma and discrimination [55], particularly among people living with HIV without access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and insu cient or late ART receipt [56].…”

Section: Sociodemographic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and social determinants of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia

Saing

Prem

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: People who use drugs are at a disproportionately higher risk of mental disorders due to prolonged exposure to psychosocial challenges. However, studies on mental health among people who use drugs in resource-constrained countries are scarce. This study sheds light on the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia.Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study in the capital city and 11 provinces in 2017. The Respondent Driven Sampling method was adapted to recruit 1677 people who used drugs for face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A total score of GHQ-12>2 indicated high psychological distress. We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with psychological distress. Results: We included 1598 participants in the analyses, with a mean age of 28.6 years (SD= 7.8). Of the total, 42% had high psychological distress – 50% in women and 37% in men. The adjusted odds of having high psychological distress were significantly higher among participants who were 25-34 years old and 35 years and above, had been to a drug rehabilitation center, had been insulted by family members, and had been sexually harassed/abused by someone when they were growing up. The odds of having high psychological distress were significantly lower among participants who were male, lived in their own dwelling, reported injecting as the mode of the first drug use, and had someone taking care of them when they got sick.Conclusions: This study documents a high prevalence of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia. Intervention programs that attempt to address mental health problems among people who use drugs in resource-limited settings should be gender- and age-sensitive and target more marginalized subpopulations. Mental health services can be integrated into HIV and harm-reduction programs for people who use drugs.

show abstract

Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS

Cited by 27 publications

References 134 publications

Prevalence and social determinants of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia

Prevalence and social determinants of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia

Neurocognitive and mental health outcomes and association with quality of life among adults living with HIV: a cross-sectional focus on a low-literacy population from coastal Kenya

Prevalence and social determinants of psychological distress among people who use drugs in Cambodia

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