Neurobiological advances of learned fear in humans

Battaglia, Simone

doi:10.17219/acem/146756

Cited by 55 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This interaction, however, may also be influenced by the pathophysiology of cognitive and behavioral brain functions because of the psychiatric disorders present. In this respect, we can refer to the contribution that prefrontal brain regions have in the assessment of rewarding, which underlies subsequent decision making and goal-directed behavior [ 6 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared Decision Making in the Psychiatric Inpatient Setting: An Ethnographic Study about Interprofessional Psychiatric Consultations

Gurtner

Lohrmann

Schols

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Shared decision making is increasingly receiving attention in health care and might improve both the quality of care and patient outcomes. Nevertheless, due to its complexity, implementation of shared decision making in clinical practice seems challenging. This ethnographic study aimed to gain a better understanding of how psychiatric inpatients and the interprofessional care team interact during regular interprofessional psychiatric consultations. Data were collected through participant observation on two different psychiatric wards in a large psychiatric hospital in Switzerland. The observation focused on the contextual aspects of interprofessional patient consultations, the communication and interaction as well as the extent to which patients were involved in decision making. Participants included patients, psychiatrists, junior physicians, nurses, psychologists, social workers and therapists. We observed 71 interprofessional psychiatric consultations and they differed substantially in both wards in terms of context (place and form) and culture (way of interacting). On the contrary, results showed that the level of patient involvement in decision making was comparable and depended on individual factors, such as the health care professionals’ communication style as well as the patients’ personal initiative to be engaged. The main topics discussed with the patients related to pharmacotherapy and patient reported symptoms. Health care professionals in both wards used a rather unidirectional communication style. Therefore, in order to promote patient involvement in the psychiatric inpatient setting, rather than to focus on contextual factors, consultations should follow a specific agenda and promoting a bidirectional communication style for all parties involved is strongly recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared Decision Making in the Psychiatric Inpatient Setting: An Ethnographic Study about Interprofessional Psychiatric Consultations

Gurtner

Lohrmann

Schols

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In AD, extracellular Aβ and tau deposits are found in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus [8]. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been determined to play a crucial role in learning and response to fear [75,76]. Alterations in the PFC determine cognitive changes in advanced aging, which are indicative of patterns of cognitive dysfunctions observed in patients with AD [77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbiota transplantation derived from Alzheimer’s disease mice worsens brain trauma outcomes in wild-type controls

Soriano

Curry

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) cause neuroinflammation, exaggerated immune response, and, consequently, neurodegeneration. The gut microbiome is an essential modulator of the immune system, impacting in the brain. There are not effective treatments for TBI, therefore, modulating the gut microbiome may shed novel therapeutics for the damaged brain. Also, in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the microbiota has been associated with a lack of diversity, which negatively modulates the immune system. This study aimed to determine whether the gut microbiota from AD mice exacerbates neurological deficits after TBI in young mice. For this purpose, we performed fecal microbiota transplants from AD (FMT-AD) mice into young C57BL/6 (wild-type, WT) mice following TBI. Thus, FMT-AD and fecal microbiota transplants from healthy controls (FMT-young) were administered orally to young WT mice after the TBI occurred. We first determined the gut microbiota diversity and composition by analyzing fulllength 16S rRNA sequences from mouse fecal samples using the Oxford Nanopore MinION technology. We collected the blood, brain, and gut tissues for protein and immunohistochemical analysis. Our results showed that FMT-AD treatment stimulates a higher relative abundance of Muribaculum intestinal and a decrease in Lactobacillus johnsonii compared FMT-young treatment in WT mice. Furthermore, WT mice exhibited larger lesion volumes, increased the number of activated microglia/macrophages cells, and reduced motor recovery after FMT-AD compared to FMT-young one day after TBI. Thus, the gut microbiota from AD mice not only aggravates the neuroinflammatory response and motor recovery, but also increases the lesion size after TBI in young WT mice.

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“…Moreover, FDG-PET requires an injection of radiolabeled tracers, which is considered more invasive than other neuroimaging modalities. Nevertheless, FDG-PET can provide a more detailed diagnosis of brain cognitive metabolism and synaptic dysfunction by quantifying toxic Aβ and tau proteins in the brains of AD patients, which drive healthy neurons into the diseased state [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Moreover, hypometabolism is a result of neurodegeneration and therefore might not be suitable to detect the signs of AD in the earliest stages before neuronal loss occurs [ 63 ].…”

Section: Neuroimaging Modalities In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging Modalities in Alzheimer’s Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Features

Kim

Jeong

Stiles

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease causing progressive cognitive decline until eventual death. AD affects millions of individuals worldwide in the absence of effective treatment options, and its clinical causes are still uncertain. The onset of dementia symptoms indicates severe neurodegeneration has already taken place. Therefore, AD diagnosis at an early stage is essential as it results in more effective therapy to slow its progression. The current clinical diagnosis of AD relies on mental examinations and brain imaging to determine whether patients meet diagnostic criteria, and biomedical research focuses on finding associated biomarkers by using neuroimaging techniques. Multiple clinical brain imaging modalities emerged as potential techniques to study AD, showing a range of capacity in their preciseness to identify the disease. This review presents the advantages and limitations of brain imaging modalities for AD diagnosis and discusses their clinical value.

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Neurobiological advances of learned fear in humans

Cited by 55 publications

References 44 publications

Shared Decision Making in the Psychiatric Inpatient Setting: An Ethnographic Study about Interprofessional Psychiatric Consultations

Shared Decision Making in the Psychiatric Inpatient Setting: An Ethnographic Study about Interprofessional Psychiatric Consultations

Fecal microbiota transplantation derived from Alzheimer’s disease mice worsens brain trauma outcomes in wild-type controls

Neuroimaging Modalities in Alzheimer’s Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Features

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