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Cited by 6 publications
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The article is devoted to the actual problem of subjective cognitive impairment, in particular, diagnostic methods, as well as hidden and obvious factors affecting its development. Due to the lack of effective treatment, today special attention is paid to pre-demental cognitive disorders. Aim. Analysis of available literature data on subjective cognitive impairment. Material and methods. Various sources were considered during conducting a literature review on the selected topic. The search depth was more than 15 years. Russian and foreign sources were studied on Internet platforms such as Web of science, UpToDate, PubMed, CyberLeninka, Medscape for selection of literature. Results. According to the studied data, the prevalence of subjective cognitive impairment is quite high in the population, but diagnosis remains difficult due to the lack of susceptible and unified tests. International diagnostic criteria for subjective cognitive impairment are described. The article also presents modern ideas about the obvious and hidden factors that affect the course and prognosis of this state. The possibility of early diagnosis, as one of the most urgent tasks, as well as the methodology of neurocognitive testing are discussed. Conclusion. Subjective cognitive impairment is becoming an increasingly urgent problem every year. In this regard, doctors of various specialties need to focus attention with minimal suspicion of pathology, since at this stage the changes are potentially reversible. There are both explicit and implicit factors that lead to subjective cognitive impairment. Among the hidden factors, the article discusses multitasking, impaired social interaction, gadget addiction, affective disorders, sleep disorders, pain, and COVID-19. For the most effective detection of subjective cognitive disorders, it is necessary to have unified sets of susceptible tests, which are currently under development.
The article is devoted to the actual problem of subjective cognitive impairment, in particular, diagnostic methods, as well as hidden and obvious factors affecting its development. Due to the lack of effective treatment, today special attention is paid to pre-demental cognitive disorders. Aim. Analysis of available literature data on subjective cognitive impairment. Material and methods. Various sources were considered during conducting a literature review on the selected topic. The search depth was more than 15 years. Russian and foreign sources were studied on Internet platforms such as Web of science, UpToDate, PubMed, CyberLeninka, Medscape for selection of literature. Results. According to the studied data, the prevalence of subjective cognitive impairment is quite high in the population, but diagnosis remains difficult due to the lack of susceptible and unified tests. International diagnostic criteria for subjective cognitive impairment are described. The article also presents modern ideas about the obvious and hidden factors that affect the course and prognosis of this state. The possibility of early diagnosis, as one of the most urgent tasks, as well as the methodology of neurocognitive testing are discussed. Conclusion. Subjective cognitive impairment is becoming an increasingly urgent problem every year. In this regard, doctors of various specialties need to focus attention with minimal suspicion of pathology, since at this stage the changes are potentially reversible. There are both explicit and implicit factors that lead to subjective cognitive impairment. Among the hidden factors, the article discusses multitasking, impaired social interaction, gadget addiction, affective disorders, sleep disorders, pain, and COVID-19. For the most effective detection of subjective cognitive disorders, it is necessary to have unified sets of susceptible tests, which are currently under development.
Treatment options for situational anxiety in the neurology physician practice
Recent decades have been characterized by high stress levels, which inevitably leads to neuroticism and psychopathization of the population. Emotional stress and the anxiety that follows it can be the cause and provocateur of some pathological processes and diseases. Unlike normal anxiety, intended to adapt the body, protect it and preserve life, pathological anxiety is inadequate to the intensity of the threat, is long-lasting, severe, and disrupts the quality of a person’s life and his activities. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis caused by stress leads to the development of psycho-vegetative syndrome – a complex of somatic, vegetative, and mental symptoms. However, in clinical practice, doctors usually encounter the fact that the patient more often presents various multisystem somatic complaints, ignoring emotional experiences. Undiagnosed anxiety can lead to chronicity or relapse of the disease, the prescription of only symptomatic therapy and aggravation of the course of the missed anxiety disorder. For a doctor to qualitatively assess the clinical picture, it is necessary to understand the structure of autonomic dysfunction in various systems and “recognize” the manifestations of anxiety. Managing such patients, especially comorbid ones, is a complex task, the solution of which will be most effective through joint efforts with psychiatrists and psychotherapists. Psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, art therapy, music therapy, medications are an integral part of the therapy for this category of patients. Psychotropic drugs can reduce both anxiety and vegetative symptoms. For subclinical anxiety disorder with somatic manifestations, herbal sedatives or drugs based on them are used in outpatient practice, which have a favorable safety profile with sufficient effectiveness. The drug of choice may be Valocordin, which has sedative, antispasmodic, and hypnotic effects, which corresponds to the goals of treating psychovegetative syndrome.
To assess the impact of the novel coronavirus infection on the mental health of the population, a search was performed in the PubMed electronic database, as well as in scientific electronic libraries, such as eLIBRARY.RU and «CyberLeninka». The mental manifestations of anxiety disorders include: irritability, impatience, a feeling of tension, inability to relax, inability to concentrate, memory impairment, fatigue, fears, obsessive thoughts, insecurity and anxiety. The increased level of anxiety may be the result of misinformation transmitted through social networks. People who follow the news about COVID-19 the most experience more anxiety. Health workers are at the greatest risk of negative psychological impact during pandemics, especially if they have direct contact with the infected. The most pronounced symptoms were observed in middle and junior medical staff, women and young people working in the «red zone». During the pandemic, the levels of anxiety, depression and stress are significantly higher in the age group of 21–40 years. Women are at a higher risk of depression. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people with higher levels of education had higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress. People who have had a history of health problems, as well as those who suffer from poor health, may feel more vulnerable to the new disease. Most adolescents reacted to the stressful situation with suicidal forms of behavior — auto-aggressive and autistic-depressive. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic can affect the mental health of individuals, various communities and social groups. Therefore, in the current crisis, it is vital to identify people who are prone to psychological disorders in order to preserve and improve the mental health of the population as a whole with the help of appropriate psychological strategies, methods and interventions.
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