Neurobiological findings associated with high cognitive performance in older adults: a systematic review

Borelli, Wyllians Vendramini; Schilling, Lucas Porcello; Radaelli, Graciane; Ferreira, Luciana Borges; Pisani, Leonardo; Portuguez, Mirna Wetters; Costa, Jaderson Costa da

doi:10.1017/s1041610218000431

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“… 13 - 15 Inadequate inclusion criteria may possibly bias the external validity of some studies, such as the selection of middle-aged and older adults in the same group. 18 Cognitive assessment is also an issue, as different studies were performed using the same terminology but different cognitive tests. 19 - 21 As there is a growing interest in the successful cognitive aging trajectory, these biases may profoundly impact the study of the cognitive aging process and its mechanisms of cognitive maintenance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Operationalized definition of older adults with high cognitive performance

Borelli

Carmona

Neto

et al. 2018

Dement. neuropsychol.

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Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies on exceptional cognitive aging. Herein, we aim to objectively provide the operationalized characterization of older adults with unusually high memory ability. Some authors have defined them as “SuperAgers”, individuals aged 80 years or older with memory ability similar or superior to middle-aged subjects. On the other hand, the terminology “high-performing older adults” (HPOA) seems to appropriately conceptualize these individuals without exaggeration. A threshold for age is not a reliable criterion, but may be defined as 75 and 80 years of age for developing and developed countries, respectively. We propose that HPOA may exhibit episodic memory test scores equal to or greater than those of individuals aged 50-60 years, according to the validated tables for the respective country. This group must also have global cognition scores within expected average values for age and education. Executive functioning may play a central role in the exceptional memory performance of this group. Further studies are essential to confirm existing findings and may provide important evidence for cognitive aging theory and the neurobiology of dementia.

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confidence: 99%

Operationalized definition of older adults with high cognitive performance

Borelli

Carmona

Neto

et al. 2018

Dement. neuropsychol.

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“…On the other end of the scale we find so-called ”superagers” [9]. They show maintained cognitive function into old age [10], with a corresponding preservation of brain structure over time [11,12]. These findings support that age-related structural brain changes can act as strong predictors of cognitive abilities in old age, and emphasize the importance of taking individual differences into account in studies of associations between brain and cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Lateral ventricle volume trajectories predict response inhibition in older age - a longitudinal brain imaging and machine learning approach

Lundervold

Vik

Lundervold

2018

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Objective: In a three-wave ∼6 yrs longitudinal study we investigated if expansion of lateral ventricle (LV) volumes (regarded as a proxy for brain parenchyma loss) predicts performance on a test of response inhibition. Participants and Methods: Anatomical trajectories of left (LH) and right (RH) lateral ventricle volumes across the three study-waves were quantified using the Longitudinal Stream in Freesurfer 5.3 and modelled using a linear mixed-effects (LME) algorithm. All participants (N = 74, mean age 60.7 yrs at inclusion, 48 females) performed the Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT). Response time on the third condition was used as a measure of response inhibition (RI) and divided into three classes (fast, medium and slow). The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was used for calculating the relative importance of selected LV volume features from the LME model in predicting RI class. Finally, the two most important extracted features were fed into a 10-fold cross-validation framework, estimating the accuracy, precision and recall of the RI class prediction. Results: Four LME based features were selected to characterize LV volume trajectories: steepness of LV volume change and the LV volume at the time of inclusion, each from the right and left hemisphere. The XGBoost procedure selected the steepness measure from the right and the volume at inclusion from the left hemisphere as the two most important features to predict RI performance. The 10-fold cross validation procedure showed a recall, precision and accuracy score (.40 -.50) that were clearly above chance level. Conclusion: Measures of the LV volume trajectories gave a fairly good prediction of response inhibition performance, confirming the role of LV volume as a biomarker of cognitive function in older adults. Future studies should investigate the value of the lateral ventricle volume trajectories as predictors of cognitive preservation or decline into older age.[*]Corresponding authorNormal aging is associated with morphometric changes in several brain regions and a 1 corresponding decline in cognitive function, with trajectories of age-related changes that 2 are characterized by individual differences [1]. Major events, biological and genetic 3 factors through the lifespan obviously contribute to the heterogeneity observed in 4 samples of older individuals [2, 3, 12], both regarding the rate of structural brain 5 changes [5], the rate and extent of cognitive changes [6] and in brain-cognition 6 relations [7, 12]. In the severe end of the distribution, the most extensive parenchyma 7 loss is associated with dementia, a syndrome defined by a severe decline in cognitive 8 function [8]. On the other end of the scale we find so-called "superagers" [9]. They show 9 maintained cognitive function into old age [10], with a corresponding preservation of 10 brain structure over time [11, 12]. These findings support that age-related structural 11 brain changes can act as strong predictors of cognitive abilities in old age, and 12 emphasize the importan...

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“…Whether P11 is involved in this process needs to be further explored. Although many efforts have been made to explain pathological mechanisms of these disorders [43,75,76], molecular link of depression, anxiety and memory deficit remains elusive. Our study provides evidence that P11 contributes to comorbid of depression, anxiety and memory deficit in mouse models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P11 Loss-of-Function is Associated with Decreased Cell Proliferation and Neurobehavioral Disorders in Mice

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Zheng³

et al. 2019

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Although depression is associated with anxiety and memory deficit in humans, the molecular mechanisms of the complication remain largely unknown. In this study, we generated P11 knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, as well as P11 knockout MEF cell lines, and confirmed depression-like phenotype. We observed that knockout of P11 in MEFs led to a decreased cell proliferation compared with P11 +/+ MEFs. Moreover, P11 knockout resulted in a larger cell size, which resulted probably from accumulated F-actin stress fibers. The number of proliferating cells was decreased in the hippocampus of P11 KO mice. We observed anxiety-like disorder in addition to depression phenotype in the knockout mice. In addition, knockout of P11 led to memory deficit in female mice, but not in males. These data indicated that P11 is involved in regulating cell proliferation and cell size. The molecular associations of depression behavior with anxiety and memory deficit suggested a potential approach to improve therapeutic intervention through P11 in these disorders.

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Neurobiological findings associated with high cognitive performance in older adults: a systematic review

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Operationalized definition of older adults with high cognitive performance

Operationalized definition of older adults with high cognitive performance

Lateral ventricle volume trajectories predict response inhibition in older age - a longitudinal brain imaging and machine learning approach

P11 Loss-of-Function is Associated with Decreased Cell Proliferation and Neurobehavioral Disorders in Mice

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