Neurobiological foundations of an attribute model of memory

Abstract

Memory is a complex phenomenon due to a large number of potential interactions that are associated with the organization of memory at the psychological and neural system level. In this review article a tripartite, multiple attribute, multiple process memory model with different forms of memory and its neurobiological underpinnings is represented in terms of the nature, structure or content of information representation as a set of different attributes including language, time, place, response, reward value (affect) and visual object as an example of sensory-perception. For each attribute, information is processed in the event-based, knowledge-based, and rule-based memory systems through multiple operations that involve multiple neural underpinnings. Of the many processes associated with the event-based memory system, the emphasis will be placed on short-term or working memory and pattern separation. Of the many processes associated with the knowledgebased memory system, the emphasis will be placed on perceptual processes. Of the many processes associated with the rule-based memory system the emphasis will be on short-term or working memory and paired associate learning. For all three systems data will be presented to demonstrate differential neuroanatomical mediation and where available parallel results will be presented in rodents, monkeys and humans.

Entorhinal–hippocampal neuronal circuits bridge temporally discontiguous events

“…They found that the CA1 lesions disrupted learning when events to be associated were separated in time but not presented together, and this is not the case for CA3 (for review, see Kesner 2013, Kesner et al 2005. This is consistent with findings from Huerta et al (2000) who subjected hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell-specific-NMDA receptor knockout mice (Tsien et al 1996) to trace fear conditioning.…”

Memory systems 2018 – Towards a new paradigm

“…Following Schacter and Tulving (1994) definition of memory systems based on the kind of information represented, this model postulates the presence of event-based, knowledge-based, and rule-based memory systems, each constituted of a number of attributes (forms of memory): time, place, response, reward value, sensory perception, to which language is added in humans (Kesner, 2013; Kesner & Conner, 1972; Kesner, 1980; Kesner & DiMattia, 1987; Kesner, 2009). The event-based system deals with new and incoming information, which is egocentric oriented towards personally-experienced events (similar to episodic memory in MTL model) ; the knowledge-based system encompasses permanent representations stored in long-term memory, which relate to general knowledge about the world (similar to semantic memory in the MTL model); and the rule-based system integrates information from the event-based and knowledge-based systems through rules and strategies with the goal of subsequent action.…”

Embracing complexity: using the attribute model to elucidate the role for distributed neural networks underlying spatial memory processes

“…However, it is not involved in coding information based on expected nonvarying information in the form of maps, rules, strategies and procedures (knowledgebased memory; 23 ). It is assumed by each of these models that in new learning situa tions the hippocampus is involved in consolidating new information, and in familiar situations, requiring attention or memory for trial unique stimuli, and is involved in temporarily maintaining information across time.…”

“…To remedy this situation, Kesner [19][20][21] proposed a tripartite attribute based theoretical model of memory which is organised into eventbased (databased), know ledgebased (expectationbased) and rulebased memory systems. Each system is composed of the same set of attributes or domains of memory, characterised by a set of process ori ented operating characteristics and mapped onto interconnected neural circuits.…”

“…In the attribute memory model 22,23 , it is proposed that the hippocampus in animals codes only spatial and temporal attributes. In humans, the right hippocampus mediates spatial and temporal attribute representa tions, and the left hippocampus medi ates verbal and temporal attri bute representations.…”