Neurobiology and development of the leech

Blackshaw, S. E.; Nicholls, J. G.

doi:10.1002/neu.480270302

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It enable us to use the neu rons of mollusks as eligible models [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], in paral lel with the neurons of warmblooded animals, for experimental research on the performance of the ion channels and the mechanisms of influences on them made by various physical factors, chemical substanc es and pharmaceutical drugs either of already known nature or being designed. Our studies were carried out on the large identified (100-200 µm) neurons of the parietal ganglia (LPaG and RPaG) ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of electromagnetic influences and effects on membrane systems in neurons and cardiomyocytes

Орлов¹,

Rudenko²,

Shikhlyarova³

et al. 2017

Cardiometry

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AimThe aim of our studies was to discover responses of the membrane systems in neurons and cardiomyocytes as well as mechanisms of influences and effects produced by the broadband-spectrum stochastic electromagnetic radiation (BBSS EMR) on them according to data on membrane potential (MP) levels and action potential (AP) parameters obtained by us. Materials and methodsNeurons from the isolated central neural system (CNS) of the snail Helix pomatia were selected to serve as a model for our experiments. We applied an electrophysiological technique implying recording of intracellular potentials of a neuron. The presented research work is of fundamental nature and reveals some intimate mechanisms of actions made by electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the cytoplasm membrane of a neuron and its channels that is applicable to cardiomyocytes. An absolutely exclusive distinctive feature of our work is that the specific BBSS EMR used in our experiments has unique characteristics and offers broadband stochastic radiated frequencies in the range from 10 n Hz to 10 m Hz at an integral radiation power of only 0,1 µW. Another distinguishing feature of the applied EMR parameters is that the stochastically organized EMR is supplied under such action rhythms, which are close to the natural alpha-, theta-and delta-rhythms of an EEG as well to the natural background base resonance frequency of the Earth, which has been physically measured to be 7,83 Hz, that is evolutionary significant for biological systems. Results and discussionWe are pioneers in the world science who succeeded in ob-

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of electromagnetic influences and effects on membrane systems in neurons and cardiomyocytes

Орлов¹,

Rudenko²,

Shikhlyarova³

et al. 2017

Cardiometry

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“…Furthermore, leech embryonic neurons are relatively large and the leech embryo is able to tolerate experimental manipulations well. The patterns of growth and differentiation of several identified leech neurons are well known from numerous studies (see, for example, Blackshaw and Nicholls 1995), and can now begin to be linked to conserved guidance molecules such as netrins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Netrin signal is produced in leech embryos by segmentally iterated sets of central neurons and longitudinal muscle cells

Kuhn

Macagno

2001

Dev Genes Evol

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Abstract. Netrins are secreted molecules capable of attracting or repelling growing axons. They and their receptors, along with other netrin-interacting proteins, are widely conserved among animals from a broad range of phyla. We have raised and purified an antibody against a recently cloned leech netrin, which has allowed us to characterize embryonic netrin expression by cells in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system. During early gangliogenesis, netrin expression was detected at particularly high levels in five bilateral pairs of central neurons. Towards the end of the period of axonal outgrowth, netrin expression was observed to be restricted to only six central neurons, comprising two bilateral pairs and two unpaired cells. A pair of netrin-producing central neurons, the bipolar cells, was identified by their expression of the antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody Laz1-1. Double staining of sensory afferents from segmental sensilla with the monoclonal antibody Lan3-2 and the bipolar cells with the netrin antibody revealed that the terminals of these afferents grow up to the bipolar cells and turn anteriorly or posteriorly, without extending any further medially. Peripheral netrin expression was found to be restricted to longitudinal muscle cells in the ventral half of the body wall. Extracellular, secreted netrin was detected in a broad longitudinal stripe located symmetrically with respect to the ventral midline. The pattern of expression of netrin in leech embryos is consistent with observed expression patterns in other animals, suggesting that developmental netrin functions are conserved among all bilateral animals.

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“…It decreased after 5 days and had disappeared in the neuropile after 12 days in culture. Degeneration, however, is also expected in the projections of the other neurons of the anterior root ganglia and peripheral neurons (Lent et al, 1983;Blackshaw and Nicholls, 1995). Likewise, it is known that in addition to the fibers from the Retzius cells, shown to sprout here, fibers from other neurons such as N-and T-cells, which send projections to peripheral targets, show intensive fiber outgrowth as well (Miyazaki and Nicholls, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Protein expression patterns of identified neurons and of sprouting cells from the leech central nervous system

Ritter

Schlattjan

et al. 2000

J. Neurobiol.

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It has previously been shown that cephalic, segmental, and caudal ganglia from the medicinal leech show differences in their protein composition. Here we studied whether the neuronal reorganization that occurs in cultured segmental ganglia from the medicinal leech is accompanied by detectable changes in the protein expression pattern. Using silver‐stained two‐dimensional gels we showed that after 5 and 12 days in culture changes in the protein patterns can be detected in isolated ganglia. The changes observed in the two‐dimensional gels occurred concomitantly with a sprouting of serotoninergic neurites and a decreased transmitter content of dopaminergic neurites as shown by using the glyoxylic acid condensation reaction. In addition, we present evidence that Retzius cells, which can be identified by their characteristic morphology and action potential waveform, exhibit biochemically unique properties with respect to their protein expression pattern. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 44: 320–332, 2000

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Neurobiology and development of the leech

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Mechanisms of electromagnetic influences and effects on membrane systems in neurons and cardiomyocytes

Mechanisms of electromagnetic influences and effects on membrane systems in neurons and cardiomyocytes

Netrin signal is produced in leech embryos by segmentally iterated sets of central neurons and longitudinal muscle cells

Protein expression patterns of identified neurons and of sprouting cells from the leech central nervous system

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