Neurobiology of ADHD

Farrow, Maree; Lévy, Florence; Silberstein, Richard B.

doi:10.1007/0-306-48649-0_7

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 172 publications

(530 reference statements)

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“…Thus, there may be a relationship between both cognitive inflexibility/impairment in directed attention and fixation on specific rewards. Consistent with this hypothesis, dopaminergic tracts have been implicated in complex attentional processes and dopaminergic agonists are used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (see Farrow et al, 41 for a review). The hypothesis of a relationship between cognitive inflexibility/impairment in directed attention and dysregulated reward function is intriguing and could be tested in future research, for example, by correlating WCST and Stroop scores with measures of craving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigating the Relationship between Sexual and Chemical Addictions by Comparing Executive Function in Subjects With Pedophilia or Opiate Addiction and Healthy Controls

Cohen¹,

Nesci²,

Steinfeld

et al. 2010

Journal of Psychiatric Practice

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Disorders of driven sexual behavior have been conceptualized as sexual addictions. In the following study, we compared 51 subjects with pedophilia, 53 subjects with opiate addiction, and 84 healthy control subjects on neuropsychological tests that tap executive functions. The test battery included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color-Word Test, the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT), Porteus Mazes, Controlled Word Association (COWA), and Trailmaking Test. The groups differed on tests of cognitive flexibility and set switching (WCST), sustained attention (Stroop), and impulsivity (MFFT and Porteus Mazes). There were no differences on verbal fluency (COWA). The subjects with pedophilia differed significantly from those with opiate addiction on several tests, with longer latency to response on MFFT and fewer completed mazes but also fewer errors on Porteus Mazes. Thus, while both subjects with pedophilia and those with opiate addiction show executive dysfunction, the nature of that dysfunction may differ between the two groups; specifically, opiate addicted subjects may be more prone to cognitive impulsivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigating the Relationship between Sexual and Chemical Addictions by Comparing Executive Function in Subjects With Pedophilia or Opiate Addiction and Healthy Controls

Cohen¹,

Nesci²,

Steinfeld

et al. 2010

Journal of Psychiatric Practice

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Attitudes and Persuasion

Vargas

2010

Handbook of Social Psychology

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and digit ratios in a college sample

Stevenson

Everson

Williams

et al. 2006

American J Hum Biol

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Diagnosticians recognize three subtypes of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) if there are developmentally inappropriate levels (six or more symptoms) of Hyperactive-Impulsive behavior, or Inattentive behavior, or both (Combined), respectively. ADHD may partly reflect androgen dysfunction, and an arguable proxy for prenatal androgen exposure is the 2D:4D finger ratio set at least as early as week 9 in the fetus; this is lower in men than in women. We examined the relationship between digit ratios and ADHD symptoms representing the three phenotypes: ADHD/Combined as measured by "summarized" (Rasched) scales, i.e., 1) the short version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and a total symptom list derived from the DSM IV, and the subdivided DSM IV into 2) ADHD/Inattentive and 3) ADHD/Hyperactive-Impulsive inventories, in a sample of European-descent college students (135 female, 52 male) not selected for ADHD. All digit ratios were calculated excluding the thumb. There were significant sex differences for the 2D:4D digit ratios of both hands (RH and LH), and between the RH 3D:4D and between the LH 2D:3D ratio. In females, the more masculine the LH 2D:4D ratio, the more the ADHD/Combined symptoms (both WURS and DSM) and the more the ADHD/Inattentive symptoms and ADHD/Hyperactive-Impulsive symptoms. More masculine ratios also correlated between the total WURS and RH 2D:3D, RH 2D:4D, and LH 2D:3D; and between the inattentive DSM symptoms and LH 2D:5D, and between the ADHD/Hyperactive and Impulsive symptoms and RH 3D:4D.

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Neurobiology of ADHD

Cited by 3 publications

References 172 publications

Investigating the Relationship between Sexual and Chemical Addictions by Comparing Executive Function in Subjects With Pedophilia or Opiate Addiction and Healthy Controls

Investigating the Relationship between Sexual and Chemical Addictions by Comparing Executive Function in Subjects With Pedophilia or Opiate Addiction and Healthy Controls

Attitudes and Persuasion

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and digit ratios in a college sample

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