Neurobiology of Wisdom

Meeks, Thomas W.; Jeste, Dilip V.

doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.8

Cited by 197 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Our hypothesis is consistent with a consensus that the topdown neuromodulatory pathways play a crucial role in human in regulating behavioral decision-making (Meeks & Jeste, 2009;Heatherton & Wagner, 2011). The PFC and related neuromodulatory approaches let humans to effectively handle complexities and uncertainties in the environment and predict future events and make appropriate decisions (Coutlee & Huettel, 2012;Mushtaq, Bland, & Schaefer, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A recent study has shown that adult male mice defective in serotonin signaling lose their normal mating preference for females over males, and attempt to mate with male mice (Liu, Jiang, Si, Kim, Chen, & Rao Y, 2011). As the strong cognitive regulation has been developed in human being, following the enlargement of newer brain areas (prefrontal cortex) (Meeks & Jeste, 2009), some conservative neuromodulatory pathways in animals, such as vomeronasal chemosensory system, might be evolutionarily eliminated through competition, and be given place to a new mate recognition mechanism. We suppose that the PFC and related neuromodulatory factors/systems, such as gonadal hormones, adrenal stress hormones, and serotonin systems, play an important role in the development of the mate recognition mechanism, and is mainly responsible for the targeting process in human sexual orientation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Change of Heterosexual Preference in Adolescents: Implications of Stress and Cognitive Regulation on Sexual Orientation

Zhu¹,

Ren²,

Cao³

et al. 2013

JSS

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Sexual orientation is a complex area. It is unclear to date how people precisely establish their preferred sexual objects. This paper presents two cases, whose heterosexual preference were changed in late adolescent age after a severe psychological event, to draw attention to the study of the possible underlying mechanism. Case 1, one identical male twin, was seriously punished at age 12 years, as he loved a girl in his classroom. Afterwards, he feared to contact with girls, and became attracted to young men at age 17 years, and kept same-sex sexual behaviors since then. However, his twin brother is always heterosexual. Case 2, a girl at age 16 years, was unexpectedly betrayed by her boyfriend, she bore great pain and distress in the beginning. Since then, she had a definite opinion that men were unbelievable, and gradually turned her heterosexual preference and had same-sex sexual behaviors with a girl classmate more than 3 years. Our case presentation indicates that severe frustration of primary heterosexual desires or behaviors and the successive cognitive regulation might lead susceptible adolescents into reorienting their sexual preference. The role of prefrontal cortex and related neuromodulatory pathways were discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Change of Heterosexual Preference in Adolescents: Implications of Stress and Cognitive Regulation on Sexual Orientation

Zhu¹,

Ren²,

Cao³

et al. 2013

JSS

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“…Common subcomponents of wisdom (Bangen et al, 2013) based in Western populations (Takahashi and Overton, 2005), potentially a result of wisdom research beginning in Western universities (Birren and Svensson, 2005 Meeks and Jeste (2009), with all six of the subcomponents identified in the original article also appearing in the most recent review. Bangen et al (2013) highlighted that the first five of their listed subcomponents were the most common, with the final four being included in less than half of the definitions reviewed.…”

Section: Implicit Definitions Of Wisdommentioning

confidence: 99%

Wisdom across the ages and its modern day relevance

Mitchell

Knight

Pachana

2017

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Wisdom is derived (in modern language terms) from the Old English words wis (“of a certainty, for certain”; “Wisdom,” 2015) and dóm (“statute, judgment, jurisdiction”; “Wisdom,” 2015); wisdom is, at its broadest, defined as the “Capacity of judging rightly in matters relating to life and conduct; soundness of judgement in the choice of means and ends; sometimes less strictly, sound sense, esp. in practical affairs” (“Wisdom,” 2015). As a concept, wisdom has been acknowledged within our history since the time of the Sumerians (and estimated to have originated in around 2,500 BCE). However, in modern times, the relevance of the traditional wise person is less clear. Nonetheless, wisdom research has been on the rise since it emerged as a focus of researchers in the 1970’s, and a part of that research focus has been to explore the significance of wisdom and its relevance in the current day (particularly with regards to how it is measured across cultures).

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“…Figure 1: Types of knowledge captured by the fundamental pragmatics of life domain Figure 2: Components of a wisdom-based expert knowledge system Figure 3: Balance theory of wisdom (Sternberg, 1998) Tables Table 1: Berlin wisdom paradigm (Baltes & Staudinger, 1993) (Meeks & Jeste, 2009) (Bangen et al, 2013) (Glück & Bluck, 2013) Holliday and Chandler (1986) Holliday and Chandler (1986) wisdom descriptors within the factor of 'Social Unobtrusiveness' Table 12: Summary of exploratory factor analysis for Holliday and Chandler (1986) descriptors (N = 202) (Mickler & Staudinger, 2008) (Grossmann et al, 2010) Table 24: Annotated sample of a wisest response option within the VWS (Knight et al, 2016) Table 25: Sample items for the 40-item SAWS (Webster, 2007) …”

Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 summarises the subcomponents and provides a brief description of each subcomponent based on the detailed descriptions provided in the original article. Table 2 Common subcomponents of wisdom (Meeks & Jeste, 2009) Subcomponent Brief Description…”

Section: Eastern-based Definitions Of Wisdom Have Not Been Explored Amentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploration of Wisdom in Mid- to Older-Aged Adults: An Australian Context

Mitchell¹

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Wisdom is considered a multifaceted construct that has proven difficult to define, and within the psychological literature, wisdom has only been the focus of scientific study for the past 40 years, despite its long history within philosophy and society more generally. Research to date has focused on three core areas of study: defining wisdom; measuring wisdom; and developing wisdom.In this thesis, the focus is on the former two areas of study.The trend to date in terms of defining wisdom has been to delineate between Western and Eastern conceptualisations of wisdom in order to distinguish between the ways in which those two broad groups of people define wisdom. A further, more recent, development in the literature has been to begin explorations as to the potential for a culturally inclusive conceptualisation of wisdom.In terms of its assessment, theorists have measured wisdom in a variety of ways, with the two main methodologies being via performance-based measures (primarily achieved via the use of vignettes) and self-report measures. While each have proven reliability and validity, the former tends to require lengthy procedures and training, while the latter is plagued by concerns around how well an individual can rate their own 'level' of wisdom (Staudinger & Glück, 2011).The present research explored the construct of wisdom utilising Australian adult participants aged 50 years and over. Offering an interesting mix of cultures, Australia's multicultural population was seen as presenting the potential to build on the conceptualisation of wisdom research to date beyond the broad delineations of Western versus Eastern cultures. A further aim was to investigate a new measure of wisdom, drawing on the empirical literature to date as to what might make for a 'good' wisdom measure.Study 1 was a quantitative study looking at what Australians identify as the key defining qualities of a wise person. Using the Self-Construal Scale (Singelis, 1994) to distinguish between those identifying with an independent versus an interdependent value system, it was hypothesised that the former group would more closely match with Western definitions of wisdom, while the latter would more closely match with Eastern definitions. The results showed that regardless of selfidentified cultural background, participants rating highly in terms of an independent self-construal were more likely to rate wisdom descriptors associated with knowledge and intelligence highly.Those rating highly in terms of an interdependent self-construal tended to rate affective descriptors of wisdom more highly. In each case, these findings were consistent with research to date focusing on Western-and Eastern-based definitions of wisdom, respectively.Study 2 was a qualitative study that asked participants, in an open-ended way, to describe a wise person. The data was then matched to the work of Bangen, Meeks, and Jeste (2013) in order to see how well the responses of the participants aligned with the subcomponents of wisdom derived (iii) from their review ...

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Neurobiology of Wisdom

Cited by 197 publications

References 134 publications

The Change of Heterosexual Preference in Adolescents: Implications of Stress and Cognitive Regulation on Sexual Orientation

The Change of Heterosexual Preference in Adolescents: Implications of Stress and Cognitive Regulation on Sexual Orientation

Wisdom across the ages and its modern day relevance

An Exploration of Wisdom in Mid- to Older-Aged Adults: An Australian Context

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