Neurobiology of β-Endorphin and Related Peptides

Holaday, John W.; Loh, Horace H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-447210-5.50012-4

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 305 publications

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“…These include elevated [NaJ] (1,23). Enkephalins inhibit the release ofacetylcholine from myenteric nerves and inhibit spontaneous contraction in the guinea pig ileum (24,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enkephalins increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate content, calcium uptake, and contractile state in cultured chick embryo heart cells.

Laurent¹,

Marsh²,

Smith³

1986

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…These include elevated [NaJ] (1,23). Enkephalins inhibit the release ofacetylcholine from myenteric nerves and inhibit spontaneous contraction in the guinea pig ileum (24,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enkephalins increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate content, calcium uptake, and contractile state in cultured chick embryo heart cells.

Laurent¹,

Marsh²,

Smith³

1986

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Lit tle if any HR slowing was observed after endorphin administration in the fetus. In contrast, [i-endorphin has been shown to possess potent cardiodcprcssant effects in adult animals [1], These discrepancies sug gest maturational differences in the number or affinity of opioid receptor subtypes. En dorphins scmiselcctively stimulate mu opiate receptors as well as kappa and delta receptors, whereas enkephalins preferen tially stimulate delta receptors [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…En dorphins scmiselcctively stimulate mu opiate receptors as well as kappa and delta receptors, whereas enkephalins preferen tially stimulate delta receptors [21]. It has been hypothesized that the parasympathetic effects of injected opiates in adult animals are more likely mu receptor-mediated, whereas opioid peptides (enkephalins) which stimulate delta receptors may enhance sym pathetic outflow and increase HR and BP [1], In contrast, meth-enkephalin adminis tration in the fetus produces an opposite effect from the tachycardia and hypertension observed in adult animals [14]. La Gamma et al [14] have suggested that diminished delta receptor numbers in the fetus may per mit the depressant effects of mu receptor stimulation to predominate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal Cardiovascular and Breathing Movement Responses to Endogenous Opiates

Lewis¹,

Ferry²,

Sadeghi³

1986

Neonatology

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Endogenous opiates have been shown to alter cardiopulmonary activity in a variety of animal models. The present investigation in fetal sheep evaluated the response of heart rate, blood pressure and breathing movements (FBM) to central nervous and intravenous meth-enkephalin and β-endorphin. Marked bradycardia was noted within 3–5 s of intravenous meth-enkephalin administration and lasted less than 10–15 s. An 84.8 ± 19.0% prolongation in cardiac cycle length was observed after 20 nmol/kg meth-enkephalin (p < 0.02). In contrast, there was no significant change in heart rate following 2–50 nmol/kg β-endorphin. The meth-enkephalin-induced slowing of heart rate was virtually eliminated by autonomic blockade with atropine or hexamethonium but merely partially blunted by naloxone. FBM were not altered by intravenous administration of either opiate. However, both meth-enkephalin and β-endorphin produced a dramatic increase in FBM following injection into the cisterna magna. Prior to opioid administration, FBM were noted 11 ± 1.4% of the time. Intracisternal opiates resulted in a 43.9 ± 10.1% incidence of FBM for up to 60 min. Parasympathetic blockade with atropine had no effect on the pattern of FBM following intracisternal opiate administration whereas naloxone terminated the increased respiratory activity within 1 min. These data suggest a potential role for endogenous opiates in the modulation of fetal cardiorespiratory function.

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“…Crnic & Greenberg, 1987). Possible influences on developmental outcome include medical procedures used in treating the infant, medical complications accompanying prematurity, and environmental experiences of the infant (Field, Sostek, Goldberg, & Shuman, 1979) including synchrony and reciprocity of caregiver-infant interactions (e.g., Brachfeld, Goldberg, & Sloman, 1980;Hansen & Ulrey, 1988;Holaday, 1987).…”

Section: I82mentioning

confidence: 99%

Labeling effects of infant health and parent demographics on nurses' ratings of preterm infant behavior

Epps

1993

Infant Ment. Health J.

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Nurses in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) provide early influences on hospitalized infants' neurobehavioral and social‐emotional development. Hence it is important to examine their perceptions of preterm infants. This research employed a 2 × 2 factorial design to examine the labeling effects of infant health status and parent demographics on 52 NICU nurses' ratings of premature infant behavior, attractive ness, general health, and responsiveness to developmental intervention. Behavioral descriptors were provided to orient participants to the infant behaviors they were to observe. MANCOVA and univariate ANCOVAs revealed significant differences as a function of the infant health variable, but not parent demographics, on the Premature Infant Behavior, Attractiveness, and General Health scales. Ratings were significantly more positive for the infant described as healthy compared with the one identified as having lung damage. The results extend the prematurity prejudice literature and highlight the need to recognize the operations of stereotypes and the possibility of self‐fulfilling prophecies. Future research directions are outlined.

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Neurobiology of β-Endorphin and Related Peptides

Cited by 13 publications

References 305 publications

Enkephalins increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate content, calcium uptake, and contractile state in cultured chick embryo heart cells.

Enkephalins increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate content, calcium uptake, and contractile state in cultured chick embryo heart cells.

Fetal Cardiovascular and Breathing Movement Responses to Endogenous Opiates

Labeling effects of infant health and parent demographics on nurses' ratings of preterm infant behavior

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