Neuroborreliosis in a horse with common variable immunodeficiency

Pecoraro, Heidi L.; Felippe, M. Julia B.; Miller, Andrew D.; Divers, Thomas J.; Simpson, Kenneth W.; Guyer, Kimberly M; Duhamel, G

doi:10.1177/1040638718824146

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is possible that these horses developed such severe manifestations of Lyme disease due to underlying immune dysfunction, either from primary immune disease or secondary to neoplasia. Horses with CVID are documented to have increased susceptibility to bacterial infections such as meningitis, and a horse with neuroborreliosis and CVID was recently reported 29,30 . A different horse in a previous report was found to have pituitary pars intermedia hyperplasia on postmortem examination, consistent with equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) on postmortem 9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Ocular disease in horses with confirmed ocular or central nervous system Borrelia infection: Case series and review of literature

Scherrer

Knickelbein

Engiles

et al. 2020

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and clinical outcome of horses with ocular disease and evidence of systemic or ocular Lyme disease. Animals Studied Five horses met the inclusion criteria of ocular disease with evidence of B burgdorferi present in ocular or CNS tissues. Procedure The goal of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and progression of ocular disease when associated with ocular or CNS B burgdorferi infection in horses. A retrospective review of medical records was performed on horses admitted for ocular disease with evidence of B burgdorferi infection between 1998 and 2015. The diagnosis of B burgdorferi‐associated uveitis was based on histopathologic lesions of lymphohistiocytic and suppurative uveitis/endophthalmitis and intralesional argyrophilic spirochetes in either ocular or CNS tissue consistent with Borrelia. Leptospiral uveitis was ruled out by PCR. Results All five horses in the current study had intraocular inflammation at the time of presentation. Medical management with anti‐inflammatories was successful in controlling uveitis in the two horses in which treatment of uveitis was attempted. Systemic treatment with oral tetracyclines was unsuccessful in a single case in which treatment of Borrelia was attempted. Four horses were euthanized due to progression of neurologic disease. The surviving horse had an enucleation performed and did not show systemic signs. Conclusions Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi should be considered in endemic areas as a differential for horses with ocular disease, in particular, uveitis. The prognosis for uveitis and neurologic disease associated with Lyme disease was poor in the current study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Ocular disease in horses with confirmed ocular or central nervous system Borrelia infection: Case series and review of literature

Scherrer

Knickelbein

Engiles

et al. 2020

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…In humans, co-infections have been suggested to be associated with Lyme disease; however, this conjecture is not supported by the literature ( 38 , 39 ). Immunosuppression, specifically common variable immune deficiency, has been associated with cases of neuroborreliosis in horses ( 25 , 29 ), and immunosuppressed dogs are more susceptible to B. burgdorferi infection ( 40 ). In the case reported here, the persistent lymphopenia suggests immunosuppression, but it is possible that this hematologic change is related to an immune suppressive mechanism of B. burgdorferi ( 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only three clinical syndromes associated with equine Lyme disease caused by B. burgdorferi infection in the horse have been well described in the literature. Neuroborreliosis, the most well-described clinical syndrome, has been associated with the development of neurologic deficits, hyperesthesia, behavioral changes, and neck and back stiffness or pain (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Uveitis can manifest as ocular inflammation secondary to B. burgdorferi infection in the eye (11,30), and a third clinical syndrome associated with equine Lyme disease is cutaneous pseudolymphoma, characterized by skin masses at the site of the tick bite (31,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Nuchal Bursitis Associated With Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in a Horse

et al. 2021

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Cases of cranial nuchal bursitis associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection have not been thoroughly described. Here, we describe the case of a 17-year-old mare that was presented for low head carriage, dull demeanor, and resistance to haltering. Imaging supported a diagnosis of nuchal bursitis, and bursoscopy with surgical debridement of the nuchal bursa was performed. B. burgdorferi was identified by molecular diagnostics in serial samples of the bursal fluid, with no other organisms identified. Serology revealed significant elevation in antibodies directed against OspA of B. burgdorferi, but not the typical infection markers, OspC and OspF. Intravenous ceftiofur was administered for 80 days, and the nuchal bursa was directly injected with ceftiofur. The mare recovered and was able to return to work with no recrudescence of clinical signs over the following year to date. Infection with B. burgdorferi should be considered as a differential in cases of septic nuchal bursitis.

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“…More recently, however, several case reports of equine neuroborreliosis with B. burgdorferi s.l. detection in the central nervous system have been published (78)(79)(80)(81). In one of these studies, the species was identified as B. burgdorferi s.s. and high spirochaetal loads were demonstrated in tissues with inflammation (79).…”

Section: Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Temperate and Cold Regions of Europe—A Review on the Prevalence in Domestic Animals

et al. 2020

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Ticks transmit a variety of pathogens affecting both human and animal health. In temperate and cold regions of Europe (Western, Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe), the most relevant zoonotic tick-borne pathogens are tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. More rarely, Rickettsia spp., Neoehrlichia mikurensis, and zoonotic Babesia spp. are identified as a cause of human disease. Domestic animals may also be clinically affected by these pathogens, and, furthermore, can be regarded as sentinel hosts for their occurrence in a certain area, or even play a role as reservoirs or amplifying hosts. For example, viraemic ruminants may transmit TBEV to humans via raw milk products. This review summarizes the role of domestic animals, including ruminants, horses, dogs, and cats, in the ecology of TBEV, Borrelia spp., A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., N. mikurensis, and zoonotic Babesia species. It gives an overview on the (sero-)prevalence of these infectious agents in domestic animals in temperate/cold regions of Europe, based on 148 individual prevalence studies. Meta-analyses of seroprevalence in asymptomatic animals estimated an overall seroprevalence of 2.7% for TBEV, 12.9% for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), 16.2% for A. phagocytophilum and 7.4% for Babesia divergens, with a high level of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses with regard to animal species, diagnostic test, geographical region and decade of sampling were mostly non-significant, with the exception of significantly lower B. burgdorferi s.l. seroprevalences in dogs than in horses and cattle. More surveillance studies employing highly sensitive and specific test methods and including hitherto non-investigated regions are needed to determine if and how global changes in terms of climate, land use, agricultural practices and human behavior impact the frequency of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals.

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Neuroborreliosis in a horse with common variable immunodeficiency

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Ocular disease in horses with confirmed ocular or central nervous system Borrelia infection: Case series and review of literature

Ocular disease in horses with confirmed ocular or central nervous system Borrelia infection: Case series and review of literature

Case Report: Nuchal Bursitis Associated With Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in a Horse

Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Temperate and Cold Regions of Europe—A Review on the Prevalence in Domestic Animals

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