Neurochemical alterations of intrinsic cardiac ganglionated nerve plexus caused by arterial hypertension developed during ageing in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats

Abstract

The acknowledged hypothesis of the cause of arterial hypertension is the emerging disbalance in sympathetic and parasympathetic regulations of the cardiovascular system. This disbalance manifests in a disorder of sustainability of endogenous autonomic and sensory neural substances including calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). This study aimed to examine neurochemical alterations of intrinsic cardiac ganglionated nerve plexus (GP) triggered by arterial hypertension during ageing in spontaneously hypertensive rats of juvenile (prehypertensive, 8–9 weeks), adult (early hypertensive, 12–18 weeks) and elderly (persistent hypertensive, 46–60 weeks) age in comparison with the age‐matched Wistar–Kyoto rats as controls. Parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory neural structures of GP were analysed and evaluated morphometrically in tissue sections and whole‐mount cardiac preparations. Both the elevated blood pressure and the evident ultrasonic signs of heart failure were identified for spontaneously hypertensive rats and in part for the aged control rats. The amount of adrenergic and immunoreactive to CGRP neural structures was increased in the adult group of spontaneously hypertensive rats along with the significant alterations that occurred during ageing. In conclusion, the revealed chemical alterations of GP support the hypothesis about the possible disbalance of efferent and afferent heart innervation and may be considered as the basis for the emergence and progression of arterial hypertension and perhaps even as a consequence of hypertension in the aged spontaneously hypertensive rats. The determined anatomical changes in the ageing Wistar–Kyoto rats suggest this breed being as inappropriate for its use as control animals for hypertension studies in older animal age.