Neurochemical and Behavioral Sequelae of Exposure to Dioxins and PCBs

Seegal, Richard F.; Schantz, Susan L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1462-0_13

Cited by 52 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…In addition, the dioxinexposed rats showed a deficit in nonspatial, cue-based discrimination-reversal learning. This is similar to what was observed previously in dioxin-exposed monkeys (86). Another study compared the performance of dioxin-exposed litter mates on two different radial arm maze tasks.…”

Section: Effects Of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals On Cognitionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In fact, they did slightly better than control monkeys on both spatial discrimination-reversal learning and delayed spatial alternation (86). The dioxin-exposed monkeys were, however, impaired in their ability to learn nonspatial discriminationreversal problems using color or shape as the relevant cues (85,86). Based on these discrepant findings in PCB-and dioxinexposed monkeys, it has been suggested that the impaired spatial learning in the PCBexposed monkeys could be related to the non-dioxin-like, ortho-substituted PCBs present in the mixtures (86).…”

Section: Effects Of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals On Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Effects Of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals On Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Cognitive effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in animals.

Schantz

Widholm

2001

Environ Health Perspect

221

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A large number of chemical pollutants including phthalates, alkylphenolic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, organochlorine pesticides, bisphenol A, and metals including lead, mercury, and cadmium have the ability to disrupt endocrine function in animals. Some of these same chemicals have been shown to alter cognitive function in animals and humans. Because hormonally mediated events play a central role in central nervous system development and function, a number of researchers have speculated that the changes in cognitive function are mediated by the endocrine-like actions of these chemicals. In this paper we review the evidence that cognitive effects of chemicals classified as environmental endocrine disruptors are mediated by changes in hormonal function. We begin by briefly reviewing the role of gonadal steroids, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids in brain development and brain function. We then review the endocrine changes and cognitive effects that have been reported for selected endocrine-disrupting chemicals, discuss the evidence for causal relationships between endocrine disruption and cognitive effects, and suggest directions for future research.

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Section: Effects Of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals On Cognitionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Effects Of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals On Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Effects Of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals On Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Cognitive effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in animals.

Schantz

Widholm

2001

Environ Health Perspect

221

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“…In the endocrine system, the effects included reduced T4 levels in the prefrontal cortex of rats (25), reduced testosterone levels in rats (22,23), and altered dopamine levels in the forebrain of primates and rats (14,26,27). Neurobehavioral effects included spatial learning/memory deficits in primates and rats (27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For several of the effects seen in animal studies, there appear to be corresponding outcomes in humans: reductions in infant height and primary immune response in Inuit infants whose mothers had breast milk with high PCB levels (41,42); and reductions in cognitive or motor functions in infants whose mothers ingested PCBcontaminated cooking oil or fish during pregnancy or lactation (16)(17)(18)43,44 (14,(25)(26)(27). Dopaminergic effects were, in addition, age-dependent (26 (34,47,48).…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Workshop on Perinatal Exposure to Dioxin-Like Compounds. VI. Role of Biomarkers

Hooper¹,

Clark²

1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Studies of perinatal exposures to dioxin-like compounds (DLCs), coplanar polycyclic halogenated aromatics whose prototype is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), have employed a variety of outcome measures to investigate effects on the reproductive/developmental, endocrine, immune, and neurobehavioral systems. The effects include infertility, growth retardation, fetal loss, changed sexual differentiation, reduced cognitive/motor function, dermatologic and other ectodermal effects, and decreased immune response. Significant biomarkers have included sperm count; CD4/CD8 ratio; and levels of testosterone, T4, and dopamine. Using specific dioxin or PCB congeners, these and other markers were used to investigate the mechanisms of the observed effects. The DLCs, which include some PCB congeners, are characterized by high-affinity binding to the Ah receptor; most biological effects are thought to be mediated by the ligand-Ah receptor complex. Other PCB congeners have low affinity for the Ah receptor, and operate by non-Ah receptor mechanisms. The biologic activity of a PCB mixture is the sum of the agonist and antagonist activities of the different constituents in the mixture. Animal studies with specific PCB congeners can help to clarify these activities. With similar approaches, biologic markers of effect can be developed and applied in epidemiologic studies to monitor for, and predict, adverse effects in humans. -Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 2): 161-167 (1995)

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Correlations among polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans in humans

1999

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Background Correlations among human levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans potentially complicate interpretation of studies of their individual health effects. Outcomes attributed to one may, in fact, be due to another. Methods We present correlations among dioxins, furans, and PCBs in blood collected in 1991–1992 from 44 American Vietnam veterans from Michigan. Results Correlations among specific dioxins and furans ranged from 0.26 to 0.80, with the higher‐chlorinated congeners being more highly correlated. Correlations among PCBs ranged from 0.06 to 0.94, with those occurring at highest concentrations being more highly correlated. Correlations of PCBs with dioxins and furans ranged from ‐0.09 to 0.59. Correlations of individual chemicals with total dioxin toxic equivalents ranged from 0.31 to 0.76. Discussion/Conclusions If confirmed in other populations, such correlations may allow the use of simpler assays but may also raise issues of confounding and calibration. Am. J. Ind. Med. 35:15–20, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Neurochemical and Behavioral Sequelae of Exposure to Dioxins and PCBs

Cited by 52 publications

References 113 publications

Cognitive effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in animals.

Cognitive effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in animals.

Workshop on Perinatal Exposure to Dioxin-Like Compounds. VI. Role of Biomarkers

Correlations among polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans in humans

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