Neurocognitive Correlates of Young Drivers' Performance in a Driving Simulator

Guinosso, Stephanie A.; Johnson, Sara B.; Schultheis, Maria T.; Graefe, Anna C.; Bishai, David

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.12.018

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Ross et al found that poorer verbal and visuo-spatial WM predicted more variation in lane position (swerving) [ 38 ], but not collisions or hazard responses [ 47 ]. Lane maintenance has also been shown to deteriorate when resources are taxed with a secondary WM task [ 38 , 47 , 48 ], but young drivers with high WM capacity at baseline were less influenced by the additional load [ 38 ]. Furthermore, a study by Mäntylä et al [ 49 ] that compared composite scores across the three core EF domains clearly showed that poor WM performance alone (and not inhibition or set-shifting) predicted worse performance on the simulated lane change task in teen drivers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when comparing across domains, Ross et al [ 47 ] found that poor SST (but not Go/No-Go) performance and poor WM contributed to more variation in lane position, and that poor inhibitory control alone (on both the SST and Go/No-Go) contributed to slower hazard responses and more crashes on a simulated task. Additionally, Guinosso et al [ 48 ] reported that higher Stroop inhibitory control (and higher intelligence quotient [IQ]) predicted better simulated driving performances in late adolescents, whereas attention and flexibility/set-shifting did not.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies examined set-shifting (or flexibility), but of those that did, none found a significant relationship with driving in adolescence. Set-shifting was not related to self-reported crashes or citations [ 31 ], or with simulated risky driving, speed or lane maintenance [ 48 , 49 , 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a factor of sustained attention (and forward planning) was not found to predict risky driving when compared to inhibition and WM [ 39 ]. In addition, Guinosso et al [ 48 ] found that general attention (with more focus on alerting) was associated with, but did not predict, simulated lane maintenance in late adolescent drivers. Often the definitions of attention overlap with those of the EF domains, and as this review focused on the commonly reported core constructs of EF, studies of attention were not the focus of the literature search.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more comprehensive studies that used regression models rather than correlation coefficients, and that employed multiple measures to compare across domains, largely supported the conclusion that WM and inhibition in particular play a key role in adolescent driving outcomes [ 39 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. This implies that teen drivers may not be equipped to ignore distractions, and may be particularly vulnerable in complex/demanding driving situations that require efficient monitoring and updating of information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Executive Function Capacities, Negative Driving Behavior and Crashes in Young Drivers

Walshe

McIntosh

Romer

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Motor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of injury and death in adolescents, with teen drivers three times more likely to be in a fatal crash when compared to adults. One potential contributing risk factor is the ongoing development of executive functioning with maturation of the frontal lobe through adolescence and into early adulthood. Atypical development resulting in poor or impaired executive functioning (as in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) has been associated with risky driving and crash outcomes. However, executive function broadly encompasses a number of capacities and domains (e.g., working memory, inhibition, set-shifting). In this review, we examine the role of various executive function sub-processes in adolescent driver behavior and crash rates. We summarize the state of methods for measuring executive control and driving outcomes and highlight the great heterogeneity in tools with seemingly contradictory findings. Lastly, we offer some suggestions for improved methods and practical ways to compensate for the effects of poor executive function (such as in-vehicle assisted driving devices). Given the key role that executive function plays in safe driving, this review points to an urgent need for systematic research to inform development of more effective training and interventions for safe driving among adolescents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Executive Function Capacities, Negative Driving Behavior and Crashes in Young Drivers

Walshe

McIntosh

Romer

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Driver’s Licensure and Driving Outcomes Among Youths With Mood Disorders

Gaw,

Metzger,

Pfeiffer

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceMood disorders are prevalent among adolescents and young adults, and their onset often coincides with driving eligibility. The understanding of how mood disorders are associated with youth driving outcomes is limited.ObjectiveTo examine the association between the presence of a mood disorder and rates of licensing, crashes, violations, and suspensions among adolescents and young adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted among New Jersey residents who were born 1987 to 2000, age eligible to acquire a driver’s license from 2004 to 2017, and patients of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia network within 2 years of licensure eligibility at age 17 years. The presence of a current (ie, ≤2 years of driving eligibility) mood disorder was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) or International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes. Rates of licensure and driving outcomes among youths who were licensed were compared among 1879 youths with and 84 294 youths without a current mood disorder from 2004 to 2017. Data were analyzed from June 2022 to July 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAcquisition of a driver’s license and first involvement as a driver in a police-reported crash and rates of other adverse driving outcomes were assessed. Survival analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for licensing and driving outcomes. Adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) were estimated for driving outcomes 12 and 48 months after licensure.ResultsAmong 86 173 youths (median [IQR] age at the end of the study, 22.8 [19.7-26.5] years; 42 894 female [49.8%]), there were 1879 youths with and 84 294 youths without a mood disorder. A greater proportion of youths with mood disorders were female (1226 female [65.2%]) compared with those without mood disorders (41 668 female [49.4%]). At 48 months after licensure eligibility, 75.5% (95% CI, 73.3%-77.7%) and 83.8% (95% CI, 83.5%-84.1%) of youths with and without mood disorders, respectively, had acquired a license. Youths with mood disorders were 30% less likely to acquire a license than those without a mood disorder (aHR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.66-0.74]). Licensed youths with mood disorders had higher overall crash rates than those without mood disorders over the first 48 months of driving (137.8 vs 104.8 crashes per 10 000 driver-months; aRR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.08-1.31]); licensed youths with mood disorders also had higher rates of moving violations (aRR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.13-1.38]) and license suspensions (aRR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.53-2.49]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that youths with mood disorders were less likely to be licensed and had higher rates of adverse driving outcomes than youths without mood disorders. These findings suggest that opportunities may exist to enhance driving mobility in this population and elucidate the mechanisms by which mood disorders are associated with crash risk.

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Texting while driving, executive function, and impulsivity in college students

Hayashi

Rivera

Modico

et al. 2017

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cognitive processes underlying texting while driving. A sample of 120 college students completed a survey to assess how frequently they send and read a text message while driving. Based on this information, students were assigned to one of two groups: 20 students who frequently text while driving and 20 matched-control students who infrequently text while driving but were similar in gender, age, years of education, and years driving. The groups were compared on the extent to which they differed in self-reported measures of executive function and impulsivity. The groups were also compared on a behavioral measure of impulsivity: the extent to which they discounted hypothetical monetary rewards as a function of the delay. For this measure, the students made repeated choices between smaller monetary rewards available immediately and larger rewards available after delays ranging from 1 week to 6 months. The results show that the group of students who frequently text while driving showed (a) significantly lower levels of executive function and (b) higher levels of self-reported impulsivity, although the groups did not differ significantly on the behavioral measure of impulsivity. These results support a general conclusion that drivers with lower levels of executive function and higher levels of impulsivity are more likely to text while driving.

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Neurocognitive Correlates of Young Drivers' Performance in a Driving Simulator

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Executive Function Capacities, Negative Driving Behavior and Crashes in Young Drivers

Executive Function Capacities, Negative Driving Behavior and Crashes in Young Drivers

Driver’s Licensure and Driving Outcomes Among Youths With Mood Disorders

Texting while driving, executive function, and impulsivity in college students

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