Neurocognitive dysfunction in antidepressant-free, non-elderly patients with unipolar depression: Alerting and covert orienting of visuospatial attention

Pardo, José V.; Pardo, Patricia J.; Humes, Steven W.; Posner, Michael I.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.12.037

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Depression affects worker productivity by reducing cognitive processing (Pardo, Pardo, Humes, & Posner, 2006), memory (Bearden et al, 2006; Rose & Ebmeier, 2006), attention and concentration (Zimmerman, McGlinchey, Young, & Chelminski, 2006; Levin, Heller, Mohanty, Herrington, & Miller, 2007), and energy levels (Christensen & Duncan, 1995) as much if not more than most other physical illnesses (Burton, Conti, Chen, Schultz, & Edington, 1999). At the surface level, depression affects three areas related to occupational functioning–education, absenteeism, presenteeism, and employment (Lerner et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of functional impairment to mental health outcomes: A case for reassessing our goals in depression treatment research

McKnight

Kashdan

2009

Clinical Psychology Review

329

258

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Outcomes in depression treatment research include both changes in symptom severity and functional impairment. Symptom measures tend to be the standard outcome but we argue that there are benefits to considering functional outcomes. An exhaustive literature review shows that the relationship between symptoms and functioning remains unexpectedly weak and often bidirectional. Changes in functioning often lag symptom changes. As a result, functional outcomes might offer depression researchers more critical feedback and better guidance when studying depression treatment outcomes. The paper presents a case for the necessity of both functional and symptom outcomes in depression treatment research by addressing three aims–1) review the research relating symptoms and functioning, 2) provide a rationale for measuring both outcomes, and 3) discuss potential artifacts in measuring functional outcomes. The three aims are supported by an empirical review of the treatment outcome and epidemiological literatures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of functional impairment to mental health outcomes: A case for reassessing our goals in depression treatment research

McKnight

Kashdan

2009

Clinical Psychology Review

329

258

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The elevated depressive symptoms in cocaine addicts, relative to controls, cannot be ruled out as a contributing factor to their sensorimotor performance impairments (Goodwin, 1997). Individuals with major depressive disorder often display psychomotor slowing and an inability to perform sustained attention tasks (Pardo et al, 2006; Weiland-Fiedler et al, 2004). These cognitive deficits in patient with depression are accompanied by decreases in frontal cortical BOLD signal (Wang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of laterality in chronic cocaine users: An fMRI investigation of sensorimotor control

Hanlon

Wesley

Roth

et al. 2010

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Movement disturbances are often overlooked consequences of chronic cocaine abuse. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate sensorimotor performance in chronic cocaine users and characterize changes in brain activity among movement-related regions of interest (ROIs) in these users. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from fourteen chronic cocaine users and fifteen age and gender matched controls. All participants performed a sequential finger-tapping task with their dominant, right hand interleaved with blocks of rest. For each participant, percent signal change from rest was calculated for seven movement related ROIs in both the left and right hemisphere. Cocaine users had significantly longer reaction times and higher error rates than controls. Whereas the controls used a left-sided network of motor-related brain areas to perform the task, cocaine users activated a less lateralized pattern of brain activity. Users had significantly more activity in the ipsilateral (right) motor and premotor cortical areas, anterior cingulate cortex and the putamen than controls. These data demonstrate that, in addition to the cognitive and affective consequences of chronic cocaine abuse, there are also pronounced alterations in sensorimotor control in these individuals, which are associated with functional alterations throughout movement-related neural networks.

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“…Although impaired concentration may also be present in other psychiatric disorders, it has been reported to be significantly and independently associated with the diagnosis of MDD 21. In addition, neurocognitive deficit has been considered an objective marker of the cerebral dysfunction of depression,22,23 and it has been associated with a history of psychiatric hospitalizations 24,27. Although the modules of SCID I/P and PRIME-MD for the diagnosis of MDD use the same criteria, they differ with respect to impaired concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Depressive Symptoms by Physicians

Henriques

Fráguas

Iosifescu

et al. 2009

Clinics

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the recognition of depressive symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) by general practitioners.INTRODUCTION:MDD is underdiagnosed in medical settings, possibly because of difficulties in the recognition of specific depressive symptoms.METHODS:A cross-sectional study of 316 outpatients at their first visit to a teaching general hospital. We evaluated the performance of 19 general practitioners using Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) to detect depressive symptoms and compared them to 11 psychiatrists using Structured Clinical Interview Axis I Disorders, Patient Version (SCID I/P). We measured likelihood ratios, sensitivity, specificity, and false positive and false negative frequencies.RESULTS:The lowest positive likelihood ratios were for psychomotor agitation/retardation (1.6) and fatigue (1.7), mostly because of a high rate of false positive results. The highest positive likelihood ratio was found for thoughts of suicide (8.5). The lowest sensitivity, 61.8%, was found for impaired concentration. The sensitivity for worthlessness or guilt in patients with medical illness was 67.2% (95% CI, 57.4–76.9%), which is significantly lower than that found in patients without medical illness, 91.3% (95% CI, 83.2–99.4%).DISCUSSION:Less adequately identified depressive symptoms were both psychological and somatic in nature. The presence of a medical illness may decrease the sensitivity of recognizing specific depressive symptoms.CONCLUSIONS:Programs for training physicians in the use of diagnostic tools should consider their performance in recognizing specific depressive symptoms. Such procedures could allow for the development of specific training to aid in the detection of the most misrecognized depressive symptoms.

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Neurocognitive dysfunction in antidepressant-free, non-elderly patients with unipolar depression: Alerting and covert orienting of visuospatial attention

Cited by 45 publications

References 43 publications

The importance of functional impairment to mental health outcomes: A case for reassessing our goals in depression treatment research

The importance of functional impairment to mental health outcomes: A case for reassessing our goals in depression treatment research

Loss of laterality in chronic cocaine users: An fMRI investigation of sensorimotor control

Recognition of Depressive Symptoms by Physicians

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