Neurocognitive endophenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity: towards dimensional psychiatry

Robbins, Trevor W.; Gillan, Claire M.; Smith, Dana; Wit, Sanne de; Ersche, Karen D.

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.009

Cited by 885 publications

(814 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Finally, according to the habit hypothesis of OCD, excessive habit formation results in a discrepancy between the individual's behavior (stimulus-driven compulsions) and his or her rational reflections, which may explain the ego-dystonic nature of OC symptoms (Robbins et al, 2012). It is therefore interesting that hoarding, which tends to be less egodystonic than other OC symptoms, was the only OC symptom that did not have zero-order correlation with the slips-of-action DSI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These circuits have a significant overlap with two interacting brain systems thought to control instrumental behavior: a goal-directed system that encodes action-outcome associations (prefrontal cortex/dorsomedial striatum), and a habit system that encodes stimulus-response associations (dorsolateral striatum) (for a review see Yin and Knowlton (2006)). According to the habit hypothesis of OCD (Graybiel and Rauch, 2000;McDonald et al, 2004;Robbins et al, 2012), compulsive symptoms are caused by deficits in goal-directed learning, which lead to excessive reliance on stimulus-response habits. In support of this hypothesis, Gillan et al (2011) found that OCD patients, compared to healthy volunteers, underutilized goal-directed action control and relied excessively on habits during instrumental responding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given suggestions that aberrant habit learning may represent a vulnerability to obsessive-compulsive psychopathology (Robbins et al, 2012), we examined if OC symptoms would be associated with underutilization of goal-directed action control/overreliance on habits among student volunteers. Also, given evidence for partly distinct neurobiological underpinnings of different OC symptoms (Burguière et al, 2015), we examined if a bias toward habits would be more prominent in certain symptom dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are nonclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms associated with bias toward habits?

Snorrason

Lee

Wit

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research

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In a sample of student volunteers (N=93), we found that obsessive-compulsive symptoms (although not hoarding) were associated with overreliance on stimulus-response habits at the expense of goal-directed control during instrumental responding. Only checking symptoms were associated with bias toward habits after negative affect was controlled for. Further research is warranted to examine if NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION; this is the author's final, peer-reviewed manuscript. The published version may be accessed by following the link in the citation at the bottom of the page.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Are nonclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms associated with bias toward habits?

Snorrason

Lee

Wit

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research

Self Cite

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“…Along the same lines, amphetamine pre-treatment speeds up the rate at which the outcome insensitivity develops (Nelson and Killcross, 2006), and this depends particularly on D 1 rather than D 2 receptors (Nelson and Killcross, 2013). In humans, there is evidence for enhanced habitization in obsessive-compulsive disorder (Everitt and Robbins, 2005;Robbins et al, 2012;Gillan et al, 2011Gillan et al, , 2013 and forthcoming evidence in cocaine addiction (N. Daw and V. Voon, personal communication), but not yet in alcohol addiction (Sebold et al, subm).…”

Section: Individual Variability In Addiction Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is important, though, to bear in mind that although habits share features with compulsions (Gillan et al, 2011(Gillan et al, , 2013, they are not one and the same (Dayan 2009;Robbins et al 2012 and many others). It has been suggested that after extended training, habits become deeply engrained by shifting further dorsally in the corticostriatal loops (Belin and Everitt, 2008;Willuhn et al, 2012).…”

Section: Shifts Towards Model-free Learning In Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of learning-related dopamine signals in addiction vulnerability

Huys

Tobler

Hasler

et al. 2014

Progress in Brain Research

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Psychostimulants such as methylphenidate (MPH) and antidepressants such as fluoxetine (FLX) are widely used in the treatment of various mental disorders or as cognitive enhancers. These medications are often combined, for example, to treat comorbid disorders. There is a considerable body of evidence from animal models indicating that individually these psychotropic medications can have detrimental effects on the brain and behavior, especially when given during sensitive periods of brain development. However, almost no studies investigate possible interactions between these drugs. This is surprising given that their combined neurochemical effects (enhanced dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission) mimic some effects of illicit drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine. Here, we summarize recent studies in juvenile rats on the molecular effects in the mid-and forebrain and associated behavioral changes, after such combination treatments. Our findings indicate that these combined MPH + FLX treatments can produce similar molecular changes as seen after cocaine exposure while inducing behavioral changes indicative of dysregulated mood and motivation, effects that often endure into adulthood. Tables: 2 References: 254 ABSTRACT Dopaminergic signals play a mathematically precise role in reward-related learning, and variations in dopaminergic signalling have been implicated in vulnerability to addiction. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the relationship between theoretical, mathematical and experimental accounts of phasic dopamine signalling, with implications for the role of learning-related dopamine signalling in addiction and related disorders. We describe the theoretical and behavioural characteristics of model-free learning based on errors in the prediction of reward, including step-by-step explanations of the underlying equations. We then use recent insights from an animal model that highlights individual variation in learning during a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm to describe overlapping aspects of incentive salience attribution and model-free learning. We argue that this provides a computationally coherent account of some features of addiction. CONTENTS

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Association of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms With Substance Misuse in 2 Longitudinal Cohorts in Sweden

et al. 2022

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Key Points Question Do individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or obsessive-compulsive symptoms have an elevated risk of substance misuse, and if so, to what extent do shared genetic and/or environmental factors account for their association? Findings This Swedish cohort study of 6 304 188 individuals from the general population and 9230 individuals in a separate twin cohort found that individuals with an OCD diagnosis had a 3.7-fold elevated risk of any substance misuse outcome. The association of OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms with substance misuse was partially attributed to shared genetics. Meaning These findings suggest that regular screening for substance use and problems should be included in routine clinical management of patients with OCD.

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Neurocognitive endophenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity: towards dimensional psychiatry

Cited by 885 publications

References 92 publications

Are nonclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms associated with bias toward habits?

Are nonclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms associated with bias toward habits?

The role of learning-related dopamine signals in addiction vulnerability

Association of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms With Substance Misuse in 2 Longitudinal Cohorts in Sweden

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