Neurocognitive function in clinically stable individuals with long‐term bipolar I disorder: Comparisons with schizophrenia patients and controls

Abstract

This study compared the levels of the five domains of neurocognitive function-executive function, attention, memory, verbal comprehension, and perceptual organization-among clinically stable individuals with long-term bipolar I disorder, individuals with long-term schizophrenia, and a group of controls. We recruited a total of 93 clinically stable individuals with bipolar I disorder, 94 individuals with schizophrenia, and 106 controls in this study. Their neurocognitive function was measured using a series of neurocognitive function tests: the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III), Line Cancellation Test, Visual Form Discrimination, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Continuous Performance Task, and Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition. Neurocognitive function was compared among the three groups through a multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicated that when the effect of age was controlled, clinically stable individuals with bipolar I disorder and those with schizophrenia demonstrated poor neurocognitive function on all tests except for the WAIS-III Similarity and Information and the Line Cancellation Test. The individuals with bipolar I disorder had similar levels of neurocognitive function compared with the schizophrenia group, but higher levels of neurocognitive function on the WAIS-III Comprehension, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition Auditory Immediate and Delayed Index and Visual Immediate and Delayed Index. The conclusions of this study suggest that compared with controls, individuals with long-term bipolar I disorder and those with long-term schizophrenia have poorer neurocognitive function, even when clinically stable. Individuals with long-term bipolar I disorder and those with long-term schizophrenia have similar levels of deficits in several domains of neurocognitive function.

Clinical characteristics and cognitive function in bipolar disorder patients with different onset symptom

“…Cognitive impairment has been found to exist not only during the acute onset of bipolar disorder ( 14 , 15 ) but also during the remission phase of the disease ( 16 , 17 ). Bora et al ( 18 ) showed that deficits in neurocognitive development are already present in the early stages of bipolar disorder onset and that patients with bipolar disorder in the early stages of onset have significant neuropsychological deficits in IQ, verbal and deficits in IQ, verbal and visual memory, verbal fluency, and reasoning.…”

“…Cognitive deficits are considered to be one of the core features of bipolar disorder, and the study of cognitive function in bipolar disorder is one of the current research hotspots (11, 12). Cognitive deficits predict the overall functional outcome of patients with bipolar disorder, and persistent cognitive deficits suggest a poor prognosis for patients with bipolar disorder (13). Cognitive deficits in patients with bipolar disorder are manifested in multiple domains, including attention, executive functioning, memory, intelligence, and judgmental and analytical skills (13).…”

“…Cognitive deficits predict the overall functional outcome of patients with bipolar disorder, and persistent cognitive deficits suggest a poor prognosis for patients with bipolar disorder (13). Cognitive deficits in patients with bipolar disorder are manifested in multiple domains, including attention, executive functioning, memory, intelligence, and judgmental and analytical skills (13).…”

Η Νευροψυχολογική Αξιολόγηση Στη Διαφοροδιάγνωση Διπολικής Διαταραχής Και ΔΕΠΥ Σε Ενήλικες

“…Ακόμα, έχει δειχθεί ότι οι διπολικοί ασθενείς επιδεικνύουν ποιοτικώς παρόμοιο αλλά επαρκέστερο προφίλ γνωστικών ελλειμμάτων από τους σχιζοφρενείς (Schretlen et al, 2007), αλλά χάνουν αυτό το γνωστικό πλεονέκτημα όταν βρίσκονται στην οξεία φάση της ΔΔ (Quraishi & Frangou, 2002). Συγκεκριμένα, και οι δύο ομάδες διαφέρουν από τους υγιείς, αλλά οι διπολικοί ασθενείς δεν εμφανίζονται τόσο ελλειμματικοί στα τεστ προσοχής, οπτικής επεξεργασίας (Malhi et al, 2004) και μνήμης (Lin, Wang, Chen, & Kaohsiung, 2017) όσο οι σχιζοφρενείς. Τα συγκριτικά αυτά ευρήματα ενισχύουν την υπόθεση ότι δύναται να περιγραφεί ένα συγκεκριμένο ΝΨ προφίλ που να χαρακτηρίζει τη ΔΔ.…”

Comparing the Psychometric Properties among Three Versions of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in Individuals with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder

“…Nevertheless, the eight- and three-item versions of UCLA-LSV3 have not been tested on individuals with severe mental illnesses; therefore, the psychometric properties of these versions for populations with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder are unknown. Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder may affect an individual’s cognition [ 21 ]; thus, individuals with these disorders are likely to interpret UCLA-LSV3 differently when compared with individuals without said disorders. Accordingly, mental health professionals must be provided with information explaining how different versions of UCLA-LSV3 (the full 20-item version, 8-item version, and 3-item version) perform when applied to individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.…”