Neurocognitive function in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

Geller, Daniel; Abramovitch, Amitai; Mittelman, Andrew; Stark, Abigail; Ramsey, Kesley A.; Cooperman, Allison; Baer, Lee; Stewart, S. Evelyn

doi:10.1080/15622975.2017.1282173

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Notably, neither the Park et al study nor the present study found an association between hoarding and the inhibit subdomain. Højgaard et al, 2016) as well as EFs (i.e., EF task underperformance does not seem to be a characteristic of pediatric OCD; Abramovitch et al, 2015a;Geller et al, 2017;Hybel et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance-based EF underperformance in OCD has been supported in metaanalyses based on adult samples with small to medium effect sizes (ES; Abramovitch, Abramowitz, & Mittelman, 2013;Shin, Lee, Kim, & Kwon, 2014;Snyder, Kaiser, Warren, & Heller, 2014), but, performance-based EF underperformance in children and adolescents is generally not supported (Abramovitch et al, 2015a;Geller et al, 2017;Hybel, Mortensen, Lambek, Thastum, & Thomsen, 2016). Contrary to studies of performance-based EFs, the literature on rating-based EFs in OCD is rather limited and solely based on child and adolescent samples.…”

Section: Executive Functions In Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptom profiles and executive function in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder

Hybel

Mortensen

Højgaard

et al. 2017

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often becomes manifest in childhood. It has been suggested that the symptom heterogeneity of the disorder could mask subgroups associated with executive function (EF) impairment. Though supported in adult studies, this is scarcely investigated in children. The aims of the present study were to: (i) investigate OCD symptom subgroups using an empirically supported and age-appropriate definition of symptom dimensions (SD) as well as latent profile analysis (LPA); (ii) compare the identified subgroups with respect to EFs, demographic, and clinical descriptives; and (iii) explore the associations between SDs and EFs. The study included 50 pediatric OCD patients and 50 matched controls. Patients were assessed with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale from which three SD factor scores were generated. Participants were assessed with EF tasks from which latent variables measuring working memory, set shifting and response inhibition were derived. Parents rated executive function behaviors in their children. Three subgroups were identified, each predominantly characterized by one of the SDs. Subgroups differed with respect to parent-rated working memory and several demographic and basic clinical characteristics. The findings suggest the presence of clinically relevant child and adolescent OCD SD subgroups, but do not support the relevance of EFs in distinguishing SDs. Highlights • Three obsessive-compulsive subgroups were identified, each mapping onto one of the symptom dimensions of symmetry/hoarding, harm/sexual, or contamination/cleaning. • The subgroups differed with respect to parent-reported working memory, and several basic clinical characteristics, but not performance-based executive functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Executive Functions In Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom profiles and executive function in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder

Hybel

Mortensen

Højgaard

et al. 2017

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

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“…The few neuropsychological studies in youths with OCD have yielded inconsistent results (Abramovitch et al 2015 ). Visuospatial memory has been found to be impaired among juvenile patients in some (Andrés et al 2007 ; Chang et al 2007 ; Lewin et al 2014 ) but not in other studies (Shin et al 2008 ; Zandt et al 2009 ; Ornstein et al 2010 ; Geller et al 2017 ; Hybel et al 2017 ). For cognitive flexibility and set shifting, some studies have shown impairments in youths with OCD (Andrés et al 2007 ; Shin et al 2008 ; Isik Taner et al 2011 ; Gruner et al 2012 ), while others found no deficits (Beers et al 1999 ; Ornstein et al 2010 ; Kodaira et al 2012 ; Hybel et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Another limitation of previous studies is the inclusion of patients with comorbidities. While it has been reported that around half of youth with OCD fulfil criteria for anxiety or depressive disorder, with another 16% suffering from externalizing disorders (Peris et al 2017 ), previous studies have tested patients with a wide range of comorbidities, including depression, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, specific or social phobia, separation anxiety disorders, ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder and Tourette's syndrome (Chang et al 2007 ; Britton et al 2010 ; Huyser et al 2010 ; Ornstein et al 2010 ; Gruner et al 2012 ; Kodaira et al 2012 ; Lewin et al 2014 ; Geller et al 2017 ). Though some of these disorders might share overlapping impairments, the different profiles of comorbidities add to the heterogeneity of the samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired cognitive plasticity and goal-directed control in adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder

et al. 2018

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BackgroundYouths with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) experience severe distress and impaired functioning at school and at home. Critical cognitive domains for daily functioning and academic success are learning, memory, cognitive flexibility and goal-directed behavioural control. Performance in these important domains among teenagers with OCD was therefore investigated in this study.MethodsA total of 36 youths with OCD and 36 healthy comparison subjects completed two memory tasks: Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) and Paired Associates Learning (PAL); as well as the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift (IED) task to quantitatively gauge learning as well as cognitive flexibility. A subset of 30 participants of each group also completed a Differential-Outcome Effect (DOE) task followed by a Slips-of-Action Task, designed to assess the balance of goal-directed and habitual behavioural control.ResultsAdolescent OCD patients showed a significant learning and memory impairment. Compared with healthy comparison subjects, they made more errors on PRM and PAL and in the first stages of IED involving discrimination and reversal learning. Patients were also slower to learn about contingencies in the DOE task and were less sensitive to outcome devaluation, suggesting an impairment in goal-directed control.ConclusionsThis study advances the characterization of juvenile OCD. Patients demonstrated impairments in all learning and memory tasks. We also provide the first experimental evidence of impaired goal-directed control and lack of cognitive plasticity early in the development of OCD. The extent to which the impairments in these cognitive domains impact academic performance and symptom development warrants further investigation.

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“…Next are the illness-specific factors associated with OCD in youth that are not seen as frequently in adults and that may require specialist knowledge and intervention. These include symptom-specific presentations or symptom dimensions in young patients (Geller et al, 2001b, Stewart et al, 2007, a unique and developmentally-specific profile of common comorbid psychiatric disorders (Geller et al, 2001b), a unique pattern of neurocognitive deficits (Geller et al, 2017), increased familial aggregation of early-onset OCD (Rosario-Campos et al, 2001, Walitza et al, 2010, Taylor, 2011, high rates of family accommodation as a consequence of children being embedded in family units and perhaps environmental or epigenetic influences that occur at a sensitive period of neural maturation . Recently it was shown that serotonin transporter-gene methylation levels were significantly higher in children and adolescents with OCD compared to controls and adult patients with OCD.…”

Section: Early Intervention For Children and Adolescents With Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early intervention for obsessive compulsive disorder: An expert consensus statement

Fineberg

Dell’Osso

Albert

et al. 2019

European Neuropsychopharmacology

110

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Neurocognitive function in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Symptom profiles and executive function in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder

Symptom profiles and executive function in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder

Impaired cognitive plasticity and goal-directed control in adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder

Early intervention for obsessive compulsive disorder: An expert consensus statement

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