Neurocognitive functioning among HIV-positive adults in southern India

Kamat, Rujvi; McCutchan, Allen; Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran; Marcotte, Thomas D.; Umlauf, Anya; Poongulali, Selvamuthu; Meyer, Rachel; Letendre, Scott; Heaton, Robert K.; Bharti, Ajay

doi:10.1007/s13365-017-0546-8

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Some studies showed that compared to clade-B viruses and Tat-B proteins, HIV-1 clade-C and Tat-C induced less cellular inflammation (Gandhi et al, 2009;Kennedy, Petrasca, Doherty, Hennessy, & Spiers, 2014;Yndart et al, 2015) and were less neurovirulent, resulting in lower incidence of HAND (Rao et al, 2008;Satishchandra et al, 2000) and that C31S substitution in Tat-C played a role in these differential inflammation and neurovirulence (Ranga et al, 2004;Rao et al, 2013). However, other studies showed that HAND is prevalent among clade-C-infected subjects (Gupta et al, 2007;Kamat et al, 2017;Tilghman et al, 2014). Studies of demographically similar PLWH showed similar decline in imaging markers of brain integrity (Hoare et al, 2011;Ortega et al, 2013;Paul et al, 2017), similar levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluids (de Almeida et al, 2016), and similar rates of HAND (de Almeida et al, 2013) between clade-B and clade-C infected subjects, independent of Tat C31S substitution (Paul et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention/Working Memory, Learning and Memory in Adult Cameroonians: Normative Data, Effects of HIV Infection and Viral Genotype

Kanmogne

Fonsah

Umlauf

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective:There is lack of Cameroonian adult neuropsychological (NP) norms, limited knowledge concerning HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa, and evidence of differential inflammation and disease progression based on viral subtypes. In this study, we developed demographically corrected norms and assessed HIV and viral genotypes effects on attention/working memory (WM), learning, and memory.Method:We administered two tests of attention/WM [Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)-50, Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)-III Spatial Span] and two tests of learning and memory [Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R)] to 347 HIV+ and 395 seronegative adult Cameroonians. We assessed the effects of viral factors on neurocognitive performance.Results:Compared to controls, people living with HIV (PLWH) had significantly lower T-scores on PASAT-50 and attention/WM summary scores, on HVLT-R total learning and learning summary scores, on HVLT-R delayed recall, BVMT-R delayed recall and memory summary scores. More PLWH had impairment in attention/WM, learning, and memory. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and current immune status had no effect on T-scores. Compared to untreated cases with detectable viremia, untreated cases with undetectable viremia had significantly lower (worse) T-scores on BVMT-R total learning, BVMT-R delayed recall, and memory composite scores. Compared to PLWH infected with other subtypes (41.83%), those infected with HIV-1 CRF02_AG (58.17%) had higher (better) attention/WM T-scores.Conclusions:PLWH in Cameroon have impaired attention/WM, learning, and memory and those infected with CRF02_AG viruses showed reduced deficits in attention/WM. The first adult normative standards for assessing attention/WM, learning, and memory described, with equations for computing demographically adjusted T-scores, will facilitate future studies of diseases affecting cognitive function in Cameroonians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention/Working Memory, Learning and Memory in Adult Cameroonians: Normative Data, Effects of HIV Infection and Viral Genotype

Kanmogne

Fonsah

Umlauf

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…These tests have been demonstrated to be sensitive for areas of cognition affected by HIV [26]. The test battery has been used in many international settings related to NP performance in HIV+ participants, in various languages around the world [1 16 27–32]. The tests have all been adapted and normed, with demographic corrections for age, sex, education and urban versus rural residence in Zambia [14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment in Zambians With HIV Infection and Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Hestad

Chinyama²,

Anitha³

et al. 2019

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background: HIV-infection may result in cognitive deficits, but the effects of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB+), a common co-morbid condition in HIV infection, on cognition in HIV infections are unknown . Accordingly, we examined the effects of TB+, on neurocognitive functioning in HIV-infected (HIV+) Zambian adults. Setting: All participants were drawn from HIV clinics in and around Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. Methods: Participants were 275 HIV+ volunteeers, of whom 237 were HIV+ and TB negative (HIV+/TB-), and 38 also had pulmonary TB+ (HIV+/TB+). Controls were 324 HIV and TB-uninfected (HIV-) healthy controls. All HIV+ were prescribed combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). Published, demographically corrected Zambian neuropsychological (NP) norms were used to correct for effects of age, education, sex and urban/rural residence. Results: NP deficits, assessed by global deficit scores (GDS), were more prevalent in this order: 14% (46 of 324) of HIV- controls, 34% (80 of 237) of HIV+/TB-, and 55% (21 of 38) of HIV+/TB+ group. Thus, both HIV-infected groups evidenced more impairment than HIV- controls, and the HIV+/TB+ group had a higher rate of cognitive impairment than the HIV+/TB- group. HIV+/TB+ patients were more likely to be male, younger, less educated, and have lower CD4 counts and detectable HIV RNA in blood compared to the HIV+/TB- patients. Conclusion: In HIV infection, TB may contribute to cognitive impairment, even after controlling for lower CD4 counts and viral load. Nevertheless, systemic inflammation from HIV and TB and more advanced immune deficiency at diagnosis of HIV, may contribute to impaired cognition in HIV+/TB+ patients.

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“…For a priori scenarios, the NeuroHIV research community would need to agree on a core set of neuropsychological tests [35] (e.g. the international HNRC neuropsychological test battery, which has already been adapted and used in different countries, such as China [8], India [10] and Brazil [36]) and a minimum set of data items to be collected provisionally. In both a posteriori and a priori scenarios, a consortium with a steering committee may need to be established to determine how and where the data repository may be developed and maintained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal cognitive aging in people with HIV: evidence from data integration between two countries’ cohort studies

Aung

Gates²,

Mao

et al. 2022

Aids

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Objectives: Previous research has shown inconsistent results on whether cognitive aging is abnormal in people with HIV (PWH) because of low sample size, crosssectional design, and nonstandard neuropsychological methods. To address these issues, we integrated data from two longitudinal studies: Australian HIV and Brain Ageing Research Program (N ¼ 102) and CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) study (N ¼ 924) and determined the effect of abnormal aging on neurocognitive impairment (NCI) among PWH.Methods: Both studies used the same neuropsychological test battery. NCI was defined based on demographically corrected global deficit score (!0.5 ¼ impaired). Both studies also assessed comorbidities, neuropsychiatric conditions and functional status using similar tools. To determine the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on the risk of NCI, a generalized linear mixed-effect model tested main and interaction effects of age group (young, <50 vs. old, !50) and time on NCI adjusting the effects of covariates.Results: Older PWH had 83% higher chance of NCI compared with younger PWH [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.83 (1.15-2.90), P < 0.05]. Older participants also had a greater risk of increases in NCI over the follow-up [OR ¼ 1.66 (1.05-2.64), P < 0.05] than younger participants. Nonwhite ethnicity (P < 0.05), having a contributing (P < 0.05) or confounding (P < 0.001) comorbidity, greater cognitive symptoms (P < 0.001), and abnormal creatinine level (P < 0.05), plasma viral load greater than 200 copies/ml (P < 0.05), being from the Australian cohort (P < 0.05) were also associated with a higher risk of NCI. Conclusion:Data integration may serve as a strategy to increase sample size and study power to better assess abnormal cognitive aging effect in PWH, which was significant in the current study.

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Neurocognitive functioning among HIV-positive adults in southern India

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Attention/Working Memory, Learning and Memory in Adult Cameroonians: Normative Data, Effects of HIV Infection and Viral Genotype

Attention/Working Memory, Learning and Memory in Adult Cameroonians: Normative Data, Effects of HIV Infection and Viral Genotype

Cognitive Impairment in Zambians With HIV Infection and Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Abnormal cognitive aging in people with HIV: evidence from data integration between two countries’ cohort studies

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