Neurocognitive profiles in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder: differences in pattern and magnitude of dysfunction

Simonsen, Carmen; Sundet, Kjetil; Vaskinn, Anja; Birkenaes, Astrid B.; Engh, John Abel; Hansen, Charlotte Fredslund; Jónsdóttir, Halldóra; Ringen, Petter Andreas; Opjordsmoen, Stein; Friis, Svein; Andreassen, Ole A.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00492.x

Cited by 149 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Neurocognitive impairment is observed in both bipolar I disorder (BP-I) and bipolar II disorder patients during euthymia, but usually is greater among BP-I patients (13,14). Consistently, nearly two-thirds of BPD patients in clinical remission complain of subjective awareness of cognitive dysfunctions associated with the illness or its treatment (15).…”

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confidence: 90%

Neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder patients: functional implications

2009

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Growing evidence suggests that bipolar disorder (BPD) patients experience prominent neurocognitive impairment not only during acute mood episodes (1-3) but also during euthymia (1,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). A recent meta-analytic review of 39 studies comparing neurocognitive functioning in 948 euthymic BPD patients and 1,128 normal controls, matched for age, sex, education, and estimated premorbid IQ, found medium-to-large effect sizes (ES, as group differences ⁄ variance) for impaired attention and processing speed (ES = 0.60-0.79), episodic memory (ES = 0.43-0.81), and executive functioning (ES = 0.47-0.71) in the BPD patients (11). Another meta-analytic review of 20 studies, also comparing neurocognitive performance in euthymic BPD patients to matched normal controls, found deficits of similar magnitude in measures of executive functions, verbal learning, immediate Background: Functional recovery among treated bipolar disorder (BPD) patients is far less likely than syndromal and even symptomatic recovery. We hypothesized that increasingly well-documented aspects of cognitive impairment may contribute to poor functional outcomes in BPD patients, and reviewed the available research on the topic.Methods: Computerized literature searching identified 12 studies with 13 comparisons that simultaneously evaluated cognitive and functional status in euthymic (n = 8) or non-euthymic (n = 5 comparisons) adult BPD patients versus otherwise similar healthy controls.Results: In 6 ⁄ 8 studies of euthymic BPD patients and 5 ⁄ 5 studies of non-euthymic BPD patients, neurocognitive impairment was significantly associated with impaired psychosocial functioning, even after adjusting for residual mood symptoms and relevant demographic and clinical variables. Cognitive status was consistently assessed with standardized, performance-based neuropsychological tests, but functional status usually was based on subjective self-appraisals. Approximately 55% of BPD patients were unemployed.Conclusions: Available studies are limited by subjective assessments of functional status rather than objective, performance-based measures. Nevertheless, they support the hypothesis that enduring aspects of cognitive impairment found even in euthymic BPD patients are associated with inferior functioning. These findings encourage further studies with better assessment methods and greater rehabilitative efforts in BPD patients.

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confidence: 90%

Neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder patients: functional implications

2009

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“…Two other studies found that the intellectual decline was less pronounced in BD-II in comparison to BD-I patients (Summers et al 2006 ;Bruno et al 2006 ). There are several studies indicating an impairment in attention and psychomotor speed Andersson et al 2008 ;Dittmann et al 2008a ;Hsiao et al 2009 ;Harkavy-Friedman et al 2006 ;Holmes et al 2008 ), but other studies disagree (Simonsen et al 2008 ;Savitz et al 2008 ). Reaction time was reported to be similar to that of controls (Berns et al 2002 ).…”

Section: Bd-iimentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Thus, BD-II patients have been reported to perform similar to healthy controls (Savitz et al 2008 ;Taylor Tavares et al 2007 ;Derntl et al 2009 ); to perform in-between healthy controls and BD-I patients (Dittmann et al 2008a ;Martino et al 2011a ;Simonsen et al 2008 ;Andersson et al 2008 ;Torrent et al 2006 ;Derntl et al 2009 ;Xu et al 2012 ;Hsiao et al 2009 ), specifi cally in verbal memory (Martinez-Aran et al 2004 ;Torrent et al 2006 ) and executive functions ; to perform similar to BD-I patients (Chang et al 2011 ;Ha et al 2012 ;Dittmann et al 2008a ;Martino et al 2011a ); or even to perform worse than BD-I, at least in some specifi c neurocognitive domains, that is, aspects of reaction time and inhibition (Summers et al 2006 ;Harkavy-Friedman et al 2006 ).…”

Section: Bd-iimentioning

confidence: 94%

Neurocognitive Functioning in Bipolar Disorder: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Data

Fountoulakis

2014

Bipolar Disorder

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“…The authors proposed that the poor performance in schizophrenia patients occurred because of the presence of psychotic symptoms, the duration of the illness, and hospitalization. Simonsen et al (2008) found that BD patients with psychotic symptoms have similar performance as schizophrenia patients in some neurocognitive tasks, such as verbal memory and processing speed. Some authors (Andreasen, & Powers, 1974;Strauss, Bohannon, Stephens, & Pauker, 1984;Goldberg et al, 1993;Evans et al, 1999) believe that defining the mood state in samples of BD patients is important because manic patients perform worse than depressive or euthymic patients in working memory, selective attention, and divided attention tasks, and manic patients perform similarly to schizophrenia patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention impairment in bipolar disorder: A systematic review.

Camelo

Velasques

Ribeiro

et al. 2013

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with marked cognitive impairment, including euthymic periods. Attention is among the most compromised functions in BD. Changes related to learning, memory, and visuospatial abilities can be derived from these attention impairments. The objective of this article is to review the scientific literature on the performance of BD patients in attention tests. A systematic review was performed of controlled studies that assessed attention in patients diagnosed with BD aged between 18 and 65 years. The databases included Medline, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and the search encompassed the period from 2008 to 2013. Only studies that had a minimum sample of 10 patients were included. A total of 110 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Compared with healthy control subjects, bipolar patients showed poorer attention performance. Compared with other mental disorders, BD was associated with poorer performance than unipolar depression but better performance than schizophrenia. When bipolar patients in different phases of the disease were compared with one another, the performance of euthymic patients was similar to or better than patients in a depressive state; moreover, manic patients performed worse than depressive patients. Attention is significantly impaired in BD. Attention impairment in BD is milder than in schizophrenia but greater than in unipolar depression. Attention impairment is possibly more severe in manic and depressed episodes than in euthymic periods

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Neurocognitive profiles in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder: differences in pattern and magnitude of dysfunction

Cited by 149 publications

References 59 publications

Neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder patients: functional implications

Neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder patients: functional implications

Neurocognitive Functioning in Bipolar Disorder: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Data

Attention impairment in bipolar disorder: A systematic review.

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