Neurocysticercosis Among International Travelers to Disease‐Endemic Areas: Table 1

Cysticercosis with an Orbital Tropism in Twins

“…Both twins presented with gradually enlarging cysts overlying the right lateral orbital rim within 1-2 years of presumed exposure. Taken in isolation, these individual infections would not be unprecedented, as there have been previous reports of travel-related cysticercosis in tourists from non-endemic countries, 4 as well as cysticercosis occurring in individuals who do not eat pork for religious reasons. 5 Most reports of travelrelated cysticercosis have been of neurocysticerosis, and a recent review of neurocysticercosis among international travelers found that infections were most common among tourists visiting the Indian subcontinent, Latin America, and southeast Asia, but were rarely acquired during travel under 3 months duration.…”

“…5 Most reports of travelrelated cysticercosis have been of neurocysticerosis, and a recent review of neurocysticercosis among international travelers found that infections were most common among tourists visiting the Indian subcontinent, Latin America, and southeast Asia, but were rarely acquired during travel under 3 months duration. 4 The nearly simultaneous occurrence of orbital cysticercosis in twin sisters deserves further consideration of the pathogenesis of this infection.…”

Rare Case of Disseminated Cysticercosis and Taeniasis in a Japanese Traveler after Returning from India

“…5 Considering the millions of people who have traveled from non-endemic to endemic countries during that period, the occurrence of cysticercosis is very low. 5 One risk factor for travelers to acquire this disease seems to be long-term trips of several years duration. The most prevalent form of neurocysticercosis, occurring in~40% of the cases (21 of 52), was a single parenchymal cyst noted in neuroimaging findings.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] As for infection in international travelers to endemic areas, cysticercosis tends to occur in those staying for a long-term period, with a single or few cysticerci lesions developing after ingesting the eggs of T. solium. 5 Cysticerci, the larval stage of T. solium, are spread throughout the human body including the central nervous system. However, disseminated cysticercosis is rare, with~50 cases reported worldwide, most occurring in native residents of India 6,7 ; here, we report a disseminated cysticercosis case in a Japanese man who traveled to India.…”

Experimental neurocysticercosis: absence of IL-4 induces lower encephalitis

“…The NCC symptoms are caused by the host inflammatory response, immune response modulation, location of the parasite, evolutionary stage of the parasite, parasitic burden, as well as the mass effect induced by its growth, which results in a wide clinical and laboratory polymorphism challenging the diagnosis of this disease 3,4 . Experimental models have been used as important tools in the study and comprehension of the host-parasite relationship in human cysticercosis in several locations including the neurological one 5,6,7 .…”