Neurocysticercosis: Neglected but Not Forgotten

Coyle, Christina M.; Mahanty, Siddhartha; Zunt, Joseph R.; Wallin, Mitchell T.; Cantey, Paul T.; White, A. Clinton; O’Neal, Seth E.; Serpa, José A.; Southern, Paul; Wilkins, Patricia P.; McCarthy, Anne; Higgs, Elizabeth; Nash, Theodore E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001500

Cited by 149 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Evidence suggests that the compression of brain tissues and an early inflammatory response characterized by diffuse encephalitis or localized inflammatory lesions are responsible for seizures or for long term epilepsy (Gemmell & Johnstone, 1976;Pawloski, 2002;Wagner & Newton, 2009;Nash & Garcia, 2011). Epidemiological studies from sub-Saharan Africa have shown the association of neurocysticercosis with seizures or epilepsy (Gemmell & Johnstone, 1976;Andriantsimahavandy et al, 1997;Pal et al, 2000;Carpio, 2002;Nsengiyumwa et al, 2003;Wagner & Newton, 2009;Coyle et al, 2012;Millogo et al, 2012). Evidence from neuroimaging studies in people with epilepsy and the recent meta-analysis and systematic review which included only studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa demonstrated a significant association between neurocysticercosis and epilepsy, suggesting that neurocysticercosis could be the major contributing factor for the high prevalence of epilepsy observed (Carpio et al, 1998;Nsengiyumwa et al, 2003;Quet et al, 2010;Ndimubanzi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Tropical Parasitic Infections Associated With Epilepsy In Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Epilepsy and tropical parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Mazigo

Morona

Kweka

et al. 2013

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Several reports have suggested that the high prevalence of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with the high prevalence of parasitic infections affecting the central nervous system. Though epidemiological evidence suggests an association between parasitic infections and epilepsy, the biological causal relationship has not been fully demonstrated for many of these infections. The objective of this paper is to review the available epidemiological evidence on the links between parasitic infections and epilepsy, the pathogenesis and the current gap of knowledge indicating the areas requiring further research. Data for this review were identified and collected using manual and electronic search strategies of published and unpublished sources. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the epidemiology of epilepsy remains unclear and given the differing study designs, the results of available epidemiological studies are difficult to interpret and compare. Evidence from surveys reported a median prevalence of 1.5%. Co-infection of parasitic infections and epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa are common, particularly in areas characterized by poor hygiene standards. There is an epidemiological link on the association between epilepsy and various parasitic infections. However, the biological causal relationship requires further investigation in adequately designed studies. In conclusion, although several epidemiological and case control studies indicate a relationship between parasitic agents and epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a considerable gap of knowledge on the cause and magnitude of the association. Thus, there is an urgent need for systematic epidemiological studies to understand the burden of epilepsy in areas endemic due to preventable parasitic infections, to prove a causal relationship, and to understand the impact of controlling these parasitic diseases on reduction of the burden of epilepsy.___________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Tropical Parasitic Infections Associated With Epilepsy In Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Epilepsy and tropical parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Mazigo

Morona

Kweka

et al. 2013

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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“…It is considered by the WHO to be the most common preventable cause of epilepsy in the developing world, with an estimated 2 million people having epilepsy caused by T solium infection. 1 Humans can acquire 2 different forms of infection-by eating raw or undercooked pork containing T solium cysts or by eating food contaminated with T solium eggs. Cysts consumed in undercooked meat mature into adult parasites in the human intestine, at which time they release eggs and gravid proglottids in the stool.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis [RETIRED]

et al. 2013

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“…Once ingested, the scolex evaginates and attaches to the human small intestine, which later gives rise to the proglottids, and each proglottid segment contains 50,000 to 100,000 eggs. Most individuals with intestinal tapeworm infection do not develop symptomatic cysticercosis 1 ; however, are at risk for fecal-oral autoinoculation or fecal-oral transmission of eggs to other individuals and subsequent development of neurocysticercosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraventricular Taenia solium Cysts Presenting with Bruns Syndrome and Indications for Emergent Neurosurgery

Shahani

Garnes

Mejia

2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Bruns syndrome is an unusual phenomenon, characterized by attacks of sudden and severe headache, vomiting, and vertigo, triggered by abrupt movement of the head. The presumptive cause of Bruns syndrome is a mobile deformable intraventricular mass leading to an episodic obstructive hydrocephalus. Intraventricular tumors have been associated with Bruns syndrome; however, few cases of intraventricular neurocysticercosis have been reported to present with Bruns syndrome. We report the first series of fourth ventricular neurocysticercosis presenting with Bruns syndrome in the United States and review the other published cases where surgery was indicated.

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Neurocysticercosis: Neglected but Not Forgotten

Cited by 149 publications

References 27 publications

Epilepsy and tropical parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Epilepsy and tropical parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis [RETIRED]

Intraventricular Taenia solium Cysts Presenting with Bruns Syndrome and Indications for Emergent Neurosurgery

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