Neurodevelopment and Cognition in Children after Enterovirus 71 Infection

Chang, Luan‐Yin; Huang, Li Min; Gau, Susan Shur‐Fen; Wu, Yu Yu; Hsia, Shao Hsuan; Fan, Tsui Yen; Lin, Kuang; Huang, Yhu Chering; Lu, Chun Yi; Lin, Tzou Yien

doi:10.1056/nejmoa065954

Cited by 331 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There is little information regarding cognitive function after viral encephalitis in children. Similar significantly lower IQ evaluations were previously reported by Chang et al 12 in children who contracted enterovirus 71 encephalitis. In contrast, in a study from Germany, no significant difference was found in intelligence or neuropsychological evaluations between children who experienced tick-borne encephalitis and control subjects.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Enterovirus 71, a distinctive species of enterovirus that is common in the Asia-Pacific region but not in our region, has also been reported as being associated with ADHD and reduced cognitive functioning. 12,26 Several studies, as well as our study, have shown the predictive value of abnormal neuroimaging on both shortterm 7,36 and long-term 9,10,37 outcomes of childhood encephalitis. This finding may be explained by irreversible parenchymal damage.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the majority of studies, data were determined by using clinical follow-up assessments at outpatient clinics 8,9 and structured questionnaires 10 ; only a few studies used standardized cognitive and behavioral tests. [11][12][13] Previously reported neurologic sequelae include developmental delay, motor deficits, epilepsy, and learning and behavioral problems. 9,10,14 Information regarding prognostic factors of acute encephalitis in children is sparse, and data vary between studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Motor and Cognitive Outcome of Acute Encephalitis

Michaeli¹,

Kassis²,

Shachor-Meyouhas³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Encephalitis in children can cause significant neurologic sequelae, such as motor and cognitive impairment. Previous reported data are based mostly on questionnaires and clinical assessments.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Significant cognitive impairment, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities are common after childhood encephalitis. Even children who were considered fully recovered may be significantly affected. Identifiable pathogens, abnormal neuroimaging, and abnormal neurologic examination on discharge are risk factors of poor outcome.abstract OBJECTIVES: To examine the long-term motor and neurocognitive outcome of children with acute encephalitis and to look at possible prognostic factors. METHODS:Children who were treated for acute encephalitis in 2000-2010 were reevaluated. All children and their parents were interviewed by using structured questionnaires, and the children underwent full neurologic examinations, along with comprehensive neurocognitive, attention, and behavioral assessments. RESULTS:Of the 47 children enrolled, 1 died and 29 had neurologic sequelae, including motor impairment, mental retardation, epilepsy, and attention and learning disorders. Children with encephalitis had a significantly higher prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (50%) and learning disabilities (20%) compared with the reported rate (5%-10%) in the general population of Israel (P , .05) and lower IQ scores. Lower intelligence scores and significantly impaired attention and learning were found even in children who were considered fully recovered at the time of discharge. Risk factors for long-term severe neurologic sequelae were focal signs in the neurologic examination and abnormal neuroimaging on admission, confirmed infectious cause, and long hospital stay.CONCLUSIONS: Encephalitis in children may be associated with significant long-term neurologic sequelae. Significant cognitive impairment, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities are common, and even children who were considered fully recovered at discharge may be significantly affected. Neuropsychological testing should be recommended for survivors of childhood encephalitis.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Motor and Cognitive Outcome of Acute Encephalitis

Michaeli¹,

Kassis²,

Shachor-Meyouhas³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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“…To improve vaccine development, the target population (those at high risk) needs to be identifi ed. Several studies have shown that infants 6-11 months of age in Taiwan have the highest risk for severe EV71 infection and for death caused by this infection (8)(9)(10). Our serologic study found that 99% of 6-month-old infants have undetectable maternal EV71 neutralizing antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Enterovirus 71 Maternal Antibodies in Infants, Taiwan

Luo¹,

Chiang²,

Chao³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Studies have shown that, compared with other virus serotypes such as Coxsackie A16 (COXA16), EV71 infection is more likely to cause central nervous system damage, acute pulmonary edema, etc. [2], morbidity and mortality are higher. In addition, it also attacks the skin, mucous membranes, and myocardium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Clinical Characteristics of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Caused by Enterovirus 71 and Other Enteroviruses

Ren¹

2018

2018 7th International Conference on Medical Engineering and Biotechnology (MEDEB 2018)

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Abstract:To investigate the clinical features of hand-foot-mouth disease caused by EV71 in children with hand-foot-mouth disease and other enteroviruses, the clinical data of pediatric hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) were retrospectively analyzed in all hospitals designated for etiology. Screening for EV71-infected hand-foot-mouth disease was analyzed, with other hand-foot-mouth disease patients caused by enterovirus as a control group.

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Neurodevelopment and Cognition in Children after Enterovirus 71 Infection

Cited by 331 publications

References 17 publications

Long-term Motor and Cognitive Outcome of Acute Encephalitis

Long-term Motor and Cognitive Outcome of Acute Encephalitis

Enterovirus 71 Maternal Antibodies in Infants, Taiwan

Study on the Clinical Characteristics of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Caused by Enterovirus 71 and Other Enteroviruses

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