Neurodevelopment in Pediatric HIV Infection

Wachtel, Renee C.; Tepper, Vicki; Houck, Debra; McGrath, Cathleen J.; Thompson, Christine

doi:10.1177/000992289403300707

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar results were reported by Wachtel et al 4 , who demonstrated worse performance in CAT/CLAMS of HIV infected children when comparing with seroreverter and control groups. While no significant differences could be detected at 6 months of age, highly significant differences were noted over this age among the three groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is common and delay in neurodevelopmental milestones can be the first presenting symptom [1][2][3][4] . Other evidences that emphasizes the HIV infection in CNS are neuropathologic findings, showing cortical and subcortical atrophy, encephalitis, neuronal apoptosis, diffuse leucoencephalopathy and basal ganglia calcification 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third group exhibits a static encephalopathy, functioning below the average range but continuing to progress along their own developmental growth curve without further decline 3 . Some studies [3][4][5] suggest that the neurodevelopment delay of pediatric HIV disease may be seen even before 6 months of age. The goals of this study were to compare mental and motor growth and to describe the spectrum of neurodevelopment outcome in a sample of infected and uninfected children born from HIV-infected mothers; the children were followed up prospectively from 6 to 72 months of age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental milestones of vertically HIV infected and seroreverters children: follow up of 83 children

Bruck

Tahan

Cruz

et al. 2001

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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The aim of the study was to detect neurological abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. This was achieved by a prospective evaluation, from November/1995 to April/2000, of 43 HIV infected children (group I) and 40 HIV seroreverters children (group II) through neurological exam and neurodevelopmental tests: Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) and Clinical Adaptive Test / Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS). A control group (III), of 67 children, were evaluated by CAT/CLAMS. Hyperactivity, irritability and hypotonia were the findings on neurological examination, without statistical differences between group I and II. On CAT/CLAMS, the group I developmental quotient (DQ) was significantly lower than the other groups. The same occurred in DDST, with group I presenting significantly more failures than group II. Nineteen HIV children of group I had brain computed tomographic scan, with abnormalities in three of them (basal ganglia calcification, white matter hypodensity and asymmetry of lateral ventricles). We conclude that in HIV infected children a neurodevelopment delay occur early in the disease, and it can be detected by screening tests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental milestones of vertically HIV infected and seroreverters children: follow up of 83 children

Bruck

Tahan

Cruz

et al. 2001

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Only few prospective studies on neurodevelopment have included appropriate comparison groups to allow recognition of factors other than HIV-1 which may adversely affect outcome in infected children [32,57,59,93,99,142]. During the first 2 years of life, HIV-l-infected children showed significantly lower scores on the Mental Developmental Index and the Psychomotor Developmental Index than seroreverting or seronegative infants [32,57,99].…”

Section: Natural History Of Vertically-acquired Hiv-1 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection: Involvement of the central nervous system and treatment

Exhenry

Nadal

1996

Eur J Pediatr

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“…[11][12][13][14][15][16] Condini et al, 17 reporting on 18-to 30-month-old infected but not ill subjects, noted reduced verbal output in the second year of life. Wachtel et al, 18 reporting on a cohort of children evaluated at 6, 12, and 18 months, noted a statistically significant difference in language development between infected and uninfected subjects at 12 months, but not at 6 or 18 months. In our study, language deterioration was observed in 7 of 9 infants and young children with HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Early Language Development in Children Exposed to or Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

et al. 1998

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. To compare language development in infants and young children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to language development in children who had been exposed to HIV but were uninfected, and (among subjects with HIV infection) to compare language development with cognitive and neurologic status.Design. Prospective evaluation of language development in infected and in exposed but uninfected infants and young children.Setting. Pediatric Infectious Disease Clinic, State University of New York-Health Science Center at Syracuse.Subjects. Nine infants and young children infected with HIV and 69 seropositive but uninfected infants and children, age 6 weeks to 45 months.Results. Mean Early Language Milestone Scale, 2nd edition (ELM-2) Global Language scores were significantly lower for subjects with HIV infection, compared with uninfected subjects (89.3 vs 96.2, Mann-Whitney U test). The proportion of subjects scoring >2 SD below the mean on the ELM-2 on at least one occasion also was significantly greater for subjects with HIV infection, compared with uninfected subjects (4 of 9 infected subjects, but only 5 of 69 uninfected subjects; Fisher's exact test). Seven of the 9 subjects with HIV infection manifested deterioration of language function. Four manifested unremitting deterioration; only 1 of these 4 demonstrated unequivocal abnormality on neurologic examination. Three subjects with HIV infection and language deterioration showed improvement in language almost immediately after the initiation of antiretroviral drug treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography of the brain were performed in 6 of 7 infected subjects with language deterioration, and findings were normal in all 6. ELM-2 Global Language scaled scores showed good agreement with the Bayley Mental Developmental Index or the McCarthy Global Cognitive Index (r ‫؍‬ 0.70). Language deterioration, or improvement in language after initiation of drug therapy, coincided with or preceded changes in global cognitive function, at times by intervals of up to 12 months.Conclusions. Language deterioration occurs commonly in infants and young children with HIV infection, is seen frequently in the absence of abnormalities on neurologic examination or central nervous system imag-

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Neurodevelopment in Pediatric HIV Infection

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Developmental milestones of vertically HIV infected and seroreverters children: follow up of 83 children

Developmental milestones of vertically HIV infected and seroreverters children: follow up of 83 children

Vertical human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection: Involvement of the central nervous system and treatment

Early Language Development in Children Exposed to or Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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