Neurodevelopmental Functioning of Good and Poor Readers in Urban Schools

Gottesman, Ruth L.; Hankin, Dorie; Levinson, William; Beck, Pearl

doi:10.1097/00004703-198406000-00001

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This delay has been reported in many earlier studies. [14252930] Similarly decreasing incidence of soft signs with age has also been reported. [31] It is believed that this decrease with age is due to the integration of higher order processes, such as attention, with lower-level neuromotor inhibitory mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Neurological soft signs in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Patankar

Sangle

Shah

et al. 2012

Indian J Psychiatry

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Context:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with wide repercussions. Since it is etiologically related to delayed maturation, neurological soft signs (NSS) could be a tool to assess this. Further the correlation of NSS with severity and type of ADHD and presence of Specific Learning Disability (SLD) would give further insight into it.Aims:To study neurological soft signs and risk factors (type, mode of delivery, and milestones) in children with ADHD and to correlate NSS with type and severity of ADHD and with co-morbid Specific Learning Disability.Settings and Design:The study was carried out in Child care services of a tertiary teaching urban hospital. It was a cross-sectional single interview study.Materials and Methods:52 consecutive children diagnosed as having ADHD were assessed for the presence of neurological soft signs using Revised Physical and Neurological Examination soft Signs scale (PANESS). The ADHD was rated by parents using ADHD parent rating scale.Statistical Analysis:The data was analyzed using the chi-squared test and Pearson's co-relational analysis.Results and Conclusions:Neurological soft signs are present in 84% of children. They are equally present in both the inattentive-hyperactive and impulsive-hyperactive types of ADHD. The presence of neurological soft signs in ADHD are independent of the presence of co-morbid SLD. Dysrrhythmias and overflow with gait were typically seen for impulsive-hyperactive type and higher severity of ADHD is related to more errors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Neurological soft signs in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Patankar

Sangle

Shah

et al. 2012

Indian J Psychiatry

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“…Among the above factors, gait and particularly, gait posture, showed a very strong link with the motor task, with a relatively lower necessity of cognitive input (Yogev-Seligmann et al, 2008 ; Huh et al, 2016 ; Kabbaligere et al, 2017 ; Dharmadasa et al, 2018 ; Kocak et al, 2021 ). Fine motor coordination also related to cortical sensory functioning (Gottesman et al, 1984 ), whereas the management of cognition served as a remedy for impairment in the planning, problem solving, executive function, and self-awareness (Tate et al, 2014 ). The orbitofrontal cortex controlled decision-making and its relation with cognitive functions, particularly working memory (Shadlen and Kiani, 2013 ; Chick, 2019 ).…”

Section: Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Recovery

Liu

Sun

2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-dementia condition, marked by the enhanced risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia, together with falls, disability, and abnormal movements. The research studies revealed the distinct neurological and non-neurological clinical gait irregularities during dementia and accelerated functional decline, such as postural and balance impairments, memory loss, cognitive failure, and metabolic dysfunctions. The disabling characteristics of MCR comprise altered afferent sensory and efferent motor responses, together with disrupted visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive components. The pathological basis of MCR relates with the frontal lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), gray matter atrophy in the pre-motor and pre-frontal cortex, abnormal cholinergic functioning, inflammatory responses, and genetic factors. Further, cerebrovascular lesions and cardiovascular disorders exacerbate the disease pathology. The diagnosis of MCR is carried out through neuropsychological tests, biomarker assays, imaging studies, questionnaire-based evaluation, and motor function tests, including walking speed, dual-task gait tests, and ambulation ability. Recovery from MCR may include cognitive, physical, and social activities, exercise, diet, nutritional supplements, symptomatic drug treatment, and lifestyle habits that restrict the disease progression. Psychotherapeutic counseling, anti-depressants, and vitamins may support motor and cognitive improvement, primarily through the restorative pathways. However, an in-depth understanding of the association of immobility, dementia, and cognitive stress with MCR requires additional clinical and pre-clinical studies. They may have a significant contribution in reducing MCR syndrome and the risk for dementia. Overall, the current review informs the vital connection between gait performance and cognition in MCR and highlights the usefulness of future research in the discernment and treatment of dementiating illness.

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“…Many other authors were overly concerned with what they called 'soft' neurological signs as predictors for learning disabilities [15][16][17][18], but none of them investigated such signs in association with learning disability due to mental subnormality. Among many such signs, only impaired optokinetic nystagmus and truancy were highly significant in devel opmental dyslexia and dysarthria in the re tarded readers group in comparison to the control group.…”

Section: Minor Neurological Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics of a Population of Dyslexic Children in Assiut, Egypt

Farrag

Shaker²,

Hamdy³

et al. 1995

Neuroepidemiology

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Two groups of pupils from special tract learning schools were randomly selected for this study. The first group (55 pupils) fulfilled the World Federation of Neurology (WFN) definition of developmental dyslexia (DD). The second group (retarded readers, RR) included 20 pupils with IQs between 80 and 90. A group of normal readers was randomly selected from the 5 school grades as a control group. This study showed that the performance IQ of the DD group was not only higher than the verbal IQ, but the DD group also had superior performance IQ compared to normal readers. In the arithmetic achievement test, both DD and RR groups had nearly similar total scores, which were significantly lower than that of the control group. None of the arithmetic subtests could differentiate between DD and RR groups. In linguistic achievement tests, only spontaneous writing and oral spelling could differentiate subjects with DD from the RR group.

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Neurodevelopmental Functioning of Good and Poor Readers in Urban Schools

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Neurological soft signs in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Neurological soft signs in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Recovery

Clinical Characteristics of a Population of Dyslexic Children in Assiut, Egypt

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