Neuroendocrine Aspects of Blood Volume Regulation

Farrell, Gordon; Taylor, A.N.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.24.030162.002351

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, Reinert (1964) has described the effects of habenular stimulation in cats as producing a behavioral pattern which resembles fear rather than rage or aggression. There is also physiological evidence linking the habenula and the adrenal gland (Farrell & Taylor, 1962;Faure , LeNouene , Vincent , & Bensch, 1965a, b), which suggests the possibility of hormonal mechanisms underlying the hypothesized state of reduced fearfulness .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habenular lesions and avoidance learning deficits in albino rats

Rausch

Long

1974

Psychobiology

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Albino rats were given either habenular lesions or control operations and evaluated postsurgically during one-way active avoidance and passive avoidance training. Rats with habenular lesions, particularly those with damage in the posterior aspects of the habenular complex, were significantly impaired during acquisition of the active avo idance task. No significant differences existed between the two groups on either of two passive avoidance measures. The results are discussed in conjunction with the findings of other research, and hypotheses of either reduced fearfulness or impairment in motor inhibition mechanisms are suggested as frameworks for future research.The functional significance of the habenular nucleus as a major waystation for reciprocal limbic midbrain connections (Herrick, 1948 ;Nauta , 1958Nauta , , 1960 has been emphasized by recent studies finding changes in a variety of avoidance behaviors following habenular lesions. These effects on avoidance behaviors are still controversial, since different investigato rs have cited both deficits and increased efficiency in both active and passive avoidance learning paradigms.Nielson and his associates (Davis, Stevenson , McIver, & Nielson, 1966 ; found that rats with habenular lesions learned a step-down passive avoidance response faster than did controls, but were impaired in the acquisition of a conditioned active avoidance response to shock in a T-maze. On the other hand , Van Hoesen and his coworkers (Van Hoesen, MacDougall, & Mitchell , 1969 ;Wilson, Mitchell, & Van Hoesen, 1972) reported that habenular lesions impaired food-related passive avoidance , while enhancing two-way shuttle box avoidance perform ance. Large medial thalamic lesions, which included damage to the habenula, have been found to severely impair one-way active avoidance acquisition (Delacour, ' 1971 ;Vanderwolf, 1967Vanderwolf, , 1971, although Delacour (1971) stated that lesions limited to the habenular complex did not result in impairment in this task. Nevertheless, Tigner (1972) has reported impairment in one-way avoidance learning after lesions restricted to either the habenular nucleus or the dorsornedial thalamus.Such discrepancies are not uncommon in the behavioral literature for several reasons, including the difficulty of replicating brain damage with the current techniques for making lesions, the changes in apparatus and shock levels from one study to another, and the variability in the responses required of the S in the different behavioral situations. The present study was undertaken with the intention of rrururruzmg these confounds by investigating the effects of habenular lesions in the same animals on two types of avoidance responding , one-way active avoidance and passive avoidance, in the same apparatus. METHOD Subjects and SurgeryThirty-four Holtzman albino rats , approximately 135 days old and weighing 265-330 g at the time of testing, were used as Ss. All the animals were maintained on ad lib Purina Lab Chow and 15 min of water per day . The rat s were assigne...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habenular lesions and avoidance learning deficits in albino rats

Rausch

Long

1974

Psychobiology

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“…Whether or not reflexes arising from auricular volume receptors might also influence the electrolyte secretion by the kidney is an unsettled question (Smith, 1957;Davis, 1962;Farrell and Taylor, 1962;Gauer and Henry, 1963). With decreased work by the animal and with the lesser forces required to oppose gravity, the heart would be called upon to exert less pressure 0 A decreased stimulation of sensory receptors for pressure in the circulatory system, together with a decrease in the other efforts necessary for maintaining satisfactory circulation, could result in a decreased sympathetic or animate activity of the autonomic nervous system.…”

Section: Forces Resulting With Materials Of the Same Density As Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of reflexes arising from these volume receptors upon salt excretion by the kidney is a more open question (Davis, 1962;Farrell and Taylor, 1962). Graveline and McCally (1962) obtained an increased salt output only indirectly as a result of the increased volume rate of water excretion.…”

Section: Buoyant Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Chronic Weightlessness Simulation in Biological Research

Wunder¹

1964

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“…The duration of angiotensin effect was brief. Moreover, angiotensin appears to have insignificant steroidogenic potency in the rat (21). Finally, increased susceptibility to pyelonephritis with potassium depletion appears to depend on the production of tubular damage, which requires prolonged deprivation of this electrolyte (20,22).…”

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confidence: 98%

Increased Susceptibility to Pyelonephritis During Acute Hypertension by Angiotensin Ii and Norepinephrine*

Jones¹,

Shapiro²

1963

J. Clin. Invest.

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Chronic pyelonephritis and hypertensive vascular disease often coexist clinically, and a primary and causal role in the relationship usually has been attributed to the renal inflammatory disease. In experimental pyelonephritis, however, where the sequence of events and the presence of other complicating factors can be controlled, such a causal role has not been clearly established. A number of investigators have noted development of hypertension in rats with chronic pyelonephritis, but this has been either mild, of low and irregular incidence, or associated with unilateral nephrectomy, or hydronephrosis, or both (1-3). On the other hand, in our previous studies in rats, in which renal infection was produced by a nonobstructive technique that results in damage to the kidney only by the inflammatory process, chronic pyelonephritis, from any one of several different bacterial species, has not been followed by significant hypertension or vascular disease. Nor have the development of renal failure or the additional insults of infection with a mixed bacterial flora and reduction of renal mass by unilateral nephrectomy produced hypertension in this model (4, 5). Such animals, however, do show a greater response than normal rats to the hypertensive influences of salt and desoxycorticosterone (6). Similarly, Guze and Kalmanson have demonstrated the failure of hypertension to develop in rats with chronic nonobstructive pyelonephritis produced by repeated injections of Enterococci alone and with Escherichia coli (7).

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Neuroendocrine Aspects of Blood Volume Regulation

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Habenular lesions and avoidance learning deficits in albino rats

Habenular lesions and avoidance learning deficits in albino rats

A Survey of Chronic Weightlessness Simulation in Biological Research

Increased Susceptibility to Pyelonephritis During Acute Hypertension by Angiotensin Ii and Norepinephrine*

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