Neuroendocrine control of milk ejection

Lincoln, D. W.; Paisley, A.C.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0650571

Cited by 127 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…OXT rs2740210 may be linked to breastfeeding performance through its association with the milk ejection reflex (Lincoln & Paisley 1982) and to the oxytocin release pattern (Johnston & Amico 1986), which is associated with the amount of milk expressed during a breastfeeding session (Nissen et al 1998). Mothers carrying at least one A allele may have a more efficient milk release in response to the suckling stimulus to facilitate further breastfeeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in oxytocin rs2740210 and early adversity associated with postpartum depression and breastfeeding duration

Jonas

Mileva‐Seitz

Girard

et al. 2013

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Mothers vary in duration of breastfeeding. These individual differences are related to a variety of demographic and individual maternal factors including maternal hormones, mood and early experiences. However, little is known about the role of genetic factors. We studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OXT peptide gene (rs2740210; rs4813627) and the OXT receptor gene (OXTR rs237885) in two samples of mothers from the Maternal adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment study (MAVAN), a multicenter (Hamilton and Montreal, Canada) study following mothers and their children from pregnancy until 7 years of age. Data from the Hamilton site was the primary sample (n = 201) and data from Montreal was the replication sample (n = 151). Breastfeeding duration, maternal mood (measured by the CES-D scale) and early life adversity (measured by the CTQ scale) were established during 12 months postpartum. In our primary sample, polymorphisms in OXT rs2740210, but not the other SNPs, interacted with early life adversity to predict variation in breastfeeding duration (overall

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in oxytocin rs2740210 and early adversity associated with postpartum depression and breastfeeding duration

Jonas

Mileva‐Seitz

Girard

et al. 2013

Genes Brain and Behavior

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“…Prolactin has a well-established role in human milk production and lactational amenorrhea [24,25]. It has been shown to increase significantly in response to the stimulus of breastfeeding [26][27][28][29], diminish with the onset of non-exclusive breastfeeding [30] and fall precipitously after suckling has ended [31].…”

Section: Prolactinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-weaning breast milk HIV-1 viral load, blood prolactin levels and breast milk volume

Thea

Aldrovandi

Kankasa

et al. 2006

Aids

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“…Teat stimulation evokes oxytocin (OT) release from the posterior pituitary gland via a neuroendocrine reflex arc (Lincoln & Paisley, 1982). After exceeding the threshold level, OT induces contraction of the myoepithelial cells surrounding the mammary alveoli and large milk ducts, thus forcing the alveolar milk fraction into the cistern cavity, accompanied by an increase of intramammary pressure (Schams et al 1984;Mayer et al 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

Aetiology of disturbed milk ejection in parturient primiparous cows

Bruckmaier

Schams

Blum

1992

Journal of Dairy Research

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SUMMARY. Milk flow in nine primiparous cows with disturbed milk ejection (D) and in six corresponding control animals (C) with normal milk removal was recorded during machine milking and blood samples were taken before and during milking to determine plasma oxytocin, vasopressin, prolactin, cortisol, oestradiol-17/?, luteinizing hormone, progesterone and /?-endorphin concentrations. Manual teat stimulation before milking lasted for 1 min. After milk flow had stopped, air was blown into the vagina for 2 min. When milk flow had stopped again, 1 i.u. oxytocin and finally 10 i.u. oxytocin were injected to remove residual milk. During and after teat stimulation, oxytocin remained basal in D, but increased in C, whereas prolactin increased in both groups. While 94% of total milk was obtained in C during this period, only 9% could be removed from D, indicating lack of alveolar milk ejection. During vaginal stimulation, oxytocin increased transiently in D and more than by teat stimulation in C. This allowed the removal of 75% of milk in D, whereas almost no more milk was available in C. After oxytocin injections, 3 and 16% of residual milk were obtained in C and D respectively. Basal oestradiol-17/? concentration was higher in D than in C (11-6 and 2-0 ng/1 respectively), whereas /?-endorphin level was lower (24-1 and 86-6 /*g/l respectively). Basal concentration of luteinizing hormone and progesterone, and concentration of cortisol and vasopressin before and during milking were comparable in C and D. We conclude that in cows with disturbed milk ejection afferent nervous pathways to the hypothalamus were intact, because prolactin was released by teat stimulation. However, oxytocin was only released by vaginal stimulation, i.e. milk ejection was centrally inhibited during teat stimulation.

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Neuroendocrine control of milk ejection

Cited by 127 publications

References 53 publications

Genetic variation in oxytocin rs2740210 and early adversity associated with postpartum depression and breastfeeding duration

Genetic variation in oxytocin rs2740210 and early adversity associated with postpartum depression and breastfeeding duration

Post-weaning breast milk HIV-1 viral load, blood prolactin levels and breast milk volume

Aetiology of disturbed milk ejection in parturient primiparous cows

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