Neuroendocrine differentiation in a case of cervical cancer

Rashed, Mona M.; Bekele, Alemayehu

doi:10.4314/pamj.v6i1.69068

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…SCCCs were shown to exhibit definite immunohistochemical characteristics, which form the basis for its diagnosis. Out of several neuroendocrine and epithelial markers, NSE, CgA, Syn, CK and CD56 are the most prominent, frequently detected in this type of tumors (10,14,(22)(23)(24). Over the last few years, studies were conducted on the CD117 marker (c-kit proto-oncogene, a tyrosine kinase) which is overexpressed in the majority of SCLC cases and has set a foundation for targeted therapy (11,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective clinicopathological analysis of small-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Dongol

Tai

Shao

et al. 2013

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. Cervical cancer encompasses several histological types, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Small-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCCC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of cervical NET. The objective of this case report was to investigate SCCC using a retrospective clinicopathological approach. Four cases of large (≥4 cm) SCCCs are presented in this case study. The patients were diagnosed with SCCC through a sequential hierarchy of physical examinations, laboratory reports, radiological reports, immunohistochemical and pathological tests. The diagnosis for each case was made at various stages (Ib1, Ib2, IIa2 and IIb, according to the FIGO staging system, 2000) and each of the patients received different multimodality therapeutic regimens. All the patients underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered prior to surgery in two of the patients. The clinical and pathological analyses were assessed using a retrospective measure, maintaining timely follow-ups. SCCC is a rare but serious gynecological malignancy. This condition has a poor prognosis due to its high aggressiveness, high rate of metastases and mortality. Furthermore, the rarity of this disease represents a hindrance to adequate research and development of novel, efficient therapeutic regimens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective clinicopathological analysis of small-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Dongol

Tai

Shao

et al. 2013

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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“…Neuroendocrine differentiation has been studied to the greatest extent in prostate cancer [39,[47][48][49] but can also occur in other cancers. Cancers such as cervical [50], breast [51,52], thymus [53], small cell lung [54], and non-small cell lung [54] have also been shown to differentiate into neuroendocrine cells in the last stages of the disease.…”

Section: Neuroendocrine Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage gated sodium channels in cancer and their potential mechanisms of action

Angus

Ruben

2019

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Voltage gated sodium channels (VGSC) are implicated in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanism by which VGSC increase cell invasiveness and probability of metastasis is still unknown. In this review we outline lesser known functions of VGSC outside of action potential propagation, and the current understanding of the effects of VGSC in cancer. Finally, we discuss possible downstream effects of VGSC activation in cancer cells. After extensive review of the literature, the most likely role of VGSC in cancer is in the invadopodia, the leading edge of metastatic cancer cells. Sodium gradients are used to drive many biological processes in the body, and invadopodia may be similar. The function of the sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE) and sodium calcium exchanger (NCX) are driven by sodium gradients. Voltage gated calcium channels, activated by membrane depolarization, are also capable of becoming activated in response to VGSC activity. Changes to hydrogen ion exchange or calcium handling have functional consequences for invadopodia and would explain the relationship between VGSC expression and invasiveness of cancer cells.

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Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a systematic review of the literature

et al. 2018

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BackgroundNeuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC) is a rare variant of cervical cancer. The prognosis of women with NECC is poor and there is no standardized therapy for this type of malignancy based on controlled trials.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search of the databases PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify clinical trials describing the management and outcome of women with NECC.ResultsThree thousand five hundred thirty-eight cases of NECC in 112 studies were identified. The pooled proportion of NECC among women with cervical cancer was 2303/163470 (1.41%). Small cell NECC, large cell NECC, and other histological subtypes were identified in 80.4, 12.0, and 7.6% of cases, respectively. Early and late stage disease presentation were evenly distributed with 1463 (50.6%) and 1428 (49.4%) cases, respectively. Tumors expressed synaptophysin (424/538 cases; 79%), neuron-specific enolase (196/285 cases; 69%), chromogranin (323/486 cases; 66%), and CD56 (162/267; 61%). The most common primary treatment was radical surgery combined with chemotherapy either as neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, described in 42/48 studies. Radiotherapy-based primary treatment schemes in the form of radiotherapy, radiochemotherapy, or radiotherapy with concomitant or followed by chemotherapy were also commonly used (15/48 studies). There is no standard chemotherapy regimen for NECC, but cisplatin/carboplatin and etoposide (EP) was the most commonly used treatment scheme (24/40 studies). Overall, the prognosis of women with NECC was poor with a mean recurrence-free survival of 16 months and a mean overall survival of 40 months. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted agents were reported as being active in three case reports.ConclusionNECC is a rare variant of cervical cancer with a poor prognosis. Multimodality treatment with radical surgery and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide with or without radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for early stage disease while chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide or topotecan, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab is appropriate for women with locally advanced or recurrent NECC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors may be beneficial, but controlled evidence for their efficacy is lacking.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4447-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Neuroendocrine differentiation in a case of cervical cancer

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

A retrospective clinicopathological analysis of small-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

A retrospective clinicopathological analysis of small-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Voltage gated sodium channels in cancer and their potential mechanisms of action

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a systematic review of the literature

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